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Description:
Afatinib is an irreversible kinase inhibitor and binds to the kinase domains of EGFR (ErbB1), HER2 (ErbB2), and HER4 (ErbB4) to inhibit tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation. This results in a downregulation of ErbB signaling and subsequent inhibition of proliferation of cell lines expressing wild-type EGFR, selected EGFR exon 19 deletion mutations, or exon 21 L858R mutations. It also inhibited in vitro proliferation of cell lines overexpressing HER2. Overall, tumor growth was inhibited by Afatinib very effectively with low nanomolar IC(50) values ranging from approximately 6nM to below 500nM.
Description:
AV-412 is a potent dual inhibitor of EGFR and ErbB2 tyrosine kinases, including the mutant EGFR(L858R,T790M), which is clinically resistant to the EGFR-specific kinase inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib. In enzyme assays assay the compound inhibited the EGFR variants and ErbB2 in the nanomolar range with over 100-fold selectivity compared with other kinases, apart from ABL and FLT1, which were both moderately sensitive to the compound. In cells, AV-412 inhibited autophosphorylation of EGFR and ErbB2 with IC(50) of 43 and 282 nM, respectively. It also inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent cell proliferation with an IC(50) of 100nM. Moreover, AV-412 abrogated EGFR signaling in the gefitinib-resistant H1975 cell line, which harbors a double mutation of L858R and T790M in EGFR. In animal studies using cancer xenograft models, AV-412 (30mg/kg) demonstrated complete inhibition of tumor growth of the A431 and BT-474 cell lines, which overexpress EGFR and ErbB2, respectively.