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5-Bromobenzo[1,3]dioxole-4-carboxylic+acid
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5-Bromobenzo[1,3]dioxole-4-carboxylic+acid
Catalog Number:
(10257-486)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family of proteins are important in the guidance of growth cones of developing neurons. They are repulsive for a group of axons, those from the temporal half of the retina. RGM have been implicated in both axonal guidance and neural tube closure but as opposed to for ephrins, semaphorins, netrins and slits, no receptor mechanism for RGM activation has been defined. Dorsal root ganglion axons do not respond to RGM but neogenin (a netrin-binding protein which can function as an RGM receptor) expression can spur RGM responsiveness. The RGM proteins are attached to the membrane by a GPI-anchor. Two members of this family, RGMa and RGMb, are expressed in the nervous system. RGMc, also known as Hemojuvelin, is a part of the signaling pathway activating hepcidin and works together with hepcidin to restrict iron absorption in the gut. Defects in the gene encoding for RGMc causes the autosomal recessive disorder juvenile hemochromatosis (JH).
Catalog Number:
(10291-722)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Xenopus winged-helix factor, xFAST-1 (forkhead activin signal transducer-1) is a transcription factor that forms a complex with the receptor-regulated Smad protein, Smad2, and directly binds to activin response elements on DNA (1,2). The human homolog FAST-1 and the corresponding mouse homolog, designated FAST-2, share significant sequence homology with xFAST-1, including a conserved N-terminal forkhead domain that consists of 110 amino acid residues and is essential for binding DNA and regulating transcription in embryogenesis, in tumorigenesis and in the maintenance of differentiated cell states (3,4). FAST-1 and FAST-2 also contain a distinct C-terminal Smad interaction domain that is required for the association with various Smad proteins, including Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 (3,5). Expression of FAST-1 and FAST-2 is predominantly observed during early development, with lower levels detected in adult tissues (6,7). FAST-1 and FAST-2 mediated DNA binding is attenuated by both TFGß and activin, indicating that these FAST proteins mediate TFGß induced signal transduction (3).
Catalog Number:
(10292-630)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Comparative evaluation of the expression patterns of the human and mouse genes, combined with previous biochemical and yeast genetic studies, indicate that the Exo1 (Exonuclease I) proteins are important contributors to chromosome processing during mammalian DNA repair and recombination. In mice, the Exo1 gene maps to distal chromosome 1, consistent with the recent mapping of the orthologous human HEX1/EXO1 gene to chromosome 1q43. Exo1 is expressed prominently in testis, an area of active homologous recombination, and spleen, a prominent lymphoid tissue. In both mammalian and yeast systems, Exo1 is a 5'-3' double stranded DNA exonuclease that has previously been implicated in DNA mismatch repair (MMR). The MMR system ensures genome integrity by removing mispaired and unpaired bases that originate during replication. In humans, Exo1 interacts with MSH2 and MLH1 and has been proposed to be a redundant exonuclease in MMR. In both mammalian and yeast systems, Exo1 plays a structural role in MMR and stabilizes multiprotein complexes containing a number of MMR proteins.
Catalog Number:
(10410-042)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The ABL1 protooncogene encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in processes of cell differentiation, cell division, cell adhesion, and stress response. Activity of c-Abl protein is negatively regulated by its SH3 domain, and deletion of the SH3 domain turns ABL1 into an oncogene. The t(9;22) translocation results in the head-to-tail fusion of the BCR (MIM:151410) and ABL1 genes present in many cases of chronic myelogeneous leukemia. The DNA-binding activity of the ubiquitously expressed ABL1 tyrosine kinase is regulated by CDC2-mediated phosphorylation, suggesting a cell cycle function for ABL1. The ABL1 gene is expressed as either a 6- or 7-kb mRNA transcript, with alternatively spliced first exons spliced to the common exons 2-11. [provided by RefSeq].
Catalog Number:
(10411-370)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Potent inhibitor of cell death. Inhibits activation of caspases. Appears to regulate cell death by blocking the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) by binding to it and preventing the release of the caspase activator, CYC1, from the mitochondrial membrane. Also acts as a regulator of G2 checkpoint and progression to cytokinesis during mitosis. Isoform Bcl-X(L) also regulates presynaptic plasticity, including neurotransmitter release and recovery, number of axonal mitochondria as well as size and number of synaptic vesicle clusters. During synaptic stimulation, increases ATP availability from mitochondria through regulation of mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase F(1)F(0) activity and regulates endocytic vesicle retrieval in hippocampal neurons through association with DMN1L and stimulation of its GTPase activity in synaptic vesicles. Isoform Bcl-X(S) promotes apoptosis.
Catalog Number:
(10423-084)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Growth factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell migration, survival and chemotaxis. Potent mitogen and chemoattractant for cells of mesenchymal origin. Required for normal skeleton formation during embryonic development, especially for normal development of the craniofacial skeleton and for normal development of the palate. Required for normal skin morphogenesis during embryonic development. Plays an important role in wound healing, where it appears to be involved in three stages: inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Plays an important role in angiogenesis and blood vessel development. Involved in fibrotic processes, in which transformation of interstitial fibroblasts into myofibroblasts plus collagen deposition occurs. The CUB domain has mitogenic activity in coronary artery smooth muscle cells, suggesting a role beyond the maintenance of the latency of the PDGF domain. In the nucleus, PDGFC seems to have additional function.
Catalog Number:
(10664-542)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Breast cancer metastasis-suppressor 1 (BRMS1) is 246 amino acid protein that acts as a mediator of metastasis suppression in several types of cancer including ovarian, lung, bladder, and murine mammary. BRMS1 mRNA is expressed in various tissues, including ovary, prostate, testis, and colon, but the protein is primarily detected in term placenta. BRMS1 suppresses metastasis without inhibiting tumorigenicity by modifying several metastasis-associated phenotypes. BRMS1 may participate in transcriptional regulation by binding to the mSin3/histone deacetylase complex. The expression of BRMS1 in certain cells increases connexin Cx43 expression and reduces connexin Cx32 expression. This produces a gap junction that increases intercellular communication, similar to those found in normal breast tissue. BRMS1 is stabilized by Hsp90 and may inhibit NF-â…¹B activity.
Catalog Number:
(10666-790)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
FBXW5 is a member of the F-box protein family, members of which are characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into three classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. FBXW5 contains WD-40 domains, in addition to an F-box motif, so it belongs to the Fbw class. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene, however, they were found to be nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidates, hence not represented.
Catalog Number:
(10413-420)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) produce mitogenic and angiogenic effects in target cells by signaling through the cellular surface tyrosine kinase receptors. There are four members of the FGF receptor family: FGFR-1 (flg), FGFR-2 (bek, KGFR), FGFR-3 and FGFR-4. Each receptor contains an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic kinase domain (1). Following ligand binding and dimerization, the receptors are phosphorylated at specific tyrosine residues (2). Seven tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic tail of FGFR-1 can be phosphorylated: Tyr463, Tyr583, Tyr585, Tyr653, Tyr654, Tyr730 and Tyr766. Tyrosine 653 and 654 are important for catalytic activity of the activated FGFR and are essential for signaling (3). The other phosphorylated tyrosine residues may provide docking sites for downstream signaling components such as Crk and PLCgamma.
Catalog Number:
(10436-180)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
C10orf28 is a 792 amino acid protein that exists as three alternatively spliced isoforms. The gene encoding C10orf28 maps to human chromosome 10, which spans nearly 135 million base pairs, makes up approximately 4.5% of total DNA in cells and encodes nearly 1,200 genes. Several protein-coding genes, including those that encode for chemokines, cadherins, excision repair proteins, early growth response factors (Egrs) and fibroblast growth receptors (FGFRs), are located on chromosome 10. Defects in some of the genes that map to chromosome 10 are associated with Charcot-Marie Tooth disease, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, Usher syndrome, nonsyndromatic deafness, Wolman’s syndrome, Cowden syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and porphyria.
Catalog Number:
(10350-604)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Functions as a central linker protein, downstream of the B-cell receptor (BCR), bridging the SYK kinase to a multitude of signaling pathways and regulating biological outcomes of B-cell function and development. Plays a role in the activation of ERK/EPHB2, MAP kinase p38 and JNK. Modulates AP1 activation. Important for the activation of NF-kappa-B and NFAT. Plays an important role in BCR-mediated PLCG1 and PLCG2 activation and Ca(2+) mobilization and is required for trafficking of the BCR to late endosomes. However, does not seem to be required for pre-BCR-mediated activation of MAP kinase and phosphatidyl-inositol 3 (PI3) kinase signaling. May be required for the RAC1-JNK pathway. Plays a critical role in orchestrating the pro-B cell to pre-B cell transition. May play an important role in BCR-induced B-cell apoptosis.
Catalog Number:
(10671-332)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
GHRH-R is a seven transmembrane domain protein that localizes to the somatotroph of the pituitary. GHRH-R plays an important role in growth and acts as a high-affinity receptor for GHRH. Binding of GHRH leads to the coupling of GHRH-R to G-protein which stimulates increased adenylyl cyclase activity and the accumulation of cAMP leading to the synthesis and release of growth hormone and somatotroph proliferation. In addition, this signalling pathway may have direct action in fetal/placental development, reproduction and immune function. GHRH and GHRH-R may also play a role in the regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS). The expression of GHRH-R is dependent on the presence of the POU domain factor Pit-1. Mutations in the gene encoding this protein can result in isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), also known as Dwarfism of Sindh, and anterior pituitary hypoplasia (APH).
Catalog Number:
(10663-426)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The finding that mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes are associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) has resulted in considerable interest in the understanding of the mechanism of DNA mismatch repair. Initially, inherited mutations in the MSH2 and MLH1 homologs of the bacterial DNA mismatch repair genes MutS and MutL were demonstrated at high frequency in HNPCC and were shown to be associated with microsatellite instability. The demonstration that 10 to 45% of pancreatic, gastric, breast, ovarian and small cell lung cancers also display microsatellite instability has been interpreted to suggest that DNA mismatch repair is not restricted to HNPCC tumors but is a common feature in tumor initiation or progression. Two additional homologs of the prokaryotic MutL gene, designated PMS1 and PMS2, have been identified and shown to be mutated in the germline of HNPCC patients.
Catalog Number:
(10671-756)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Members of the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family, such as AGXT2, catalyze the conversion of glyoxylate to glycine using L-alanine as the amino donor. AGXT2 protects from asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)-induced inhibition in nitric oxide (NO) production. Elevated blood concentrations of ADMA, a methyl derivate of the amino acid arginine and an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, is produced by the physiological degradation of methylated proteins and is found in association with diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure and atherosclerosis. AGXT2L2 (alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2-like 2) is a 450 amino acid pyridoxal phosphate that exists as a homotetramer. Belonging to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family, AGXT2L2 localizes to the mitochondria and exists as three alternatively spliced isoforms. Encoded by a gene located on human chromosome 5q35.3, AGXT2L2 may have similar functions as AGXT2.
Catalog Number:
(10669-166)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Centrosomes are dynamic organelles involved in many aspects of cell function and growth. Centrosomes act as microtubule organizing centers, and provide a site for concerted regulation of cell cycle progression. Duplication of centrosomes occurs once during each cell cycle and requires proper mitotic spindle formation and chromosome segregation. Defects in centrosome duplication or function are linked to many human diseases, including various forms of cancer. The centrosome and spindle pole-associated protein 1 (CSPP1) interacts with centrosomes and microtubules and may play a role in the regulation of G(1)/S-phase progression and spindle assembly. Two isoforms of CSPP1 exist as a result of alternative splicing events. Isoform 1 expression increases throughout the cell cycle and peaks in G2/M phase, whereas isoform 2 expression is highest in G1 phase and decreases thereafter.
Catalog Number:
(10669-082)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
IGSF21 is a 467 amino acid secreted protein that contains two Ig-like (immunoglobulin-like) domains and is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Members of this family of proteins usually localize to the cell membrane, and may act as receptors in the immune response pathways. The gene encoding IGSF21 maps to human chromosome 1p36.13 and mouse chromosome 4 D3. Human chromosome 1 spans 260 million base pairs, contains over 3,000 genes and comprises nearly 8% of the human genome. A large number of disease-associated genes are associated with chromosome 1, including those that are involved in familial adenomatous polyposis, Stickler syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, Gaucher disease, schizophrenia and Usher syndrome. Aberrations in chromosome 1 are found in a variety of cancers, including head and neck cancer, malignant melanoma and multiple myeloma.
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