Tris(4-aminophenyl)methane
Catalog Number:
(10355-790)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Key transcriptional regulator of type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses which plays a critical role in the innate immune response against DNA and RNA viruses. Regulates the transcription of type I IFN genes (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) by binding to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. Acts as a more potent activator of the IFN-beta (IFNB) gene than the IFN-alpha (IFNA) gene and plays a critical role in both the early and late phases of the IFNA/B gene induction. Found in an inactive form in the cytoplasm of uninfected cells and following viral infection, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), or toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, is phosphorylated by IKBKE and TBK1 kinases. This induces a conformational change, leading to its dimerization and nuclear localization and association with CREB binding protein (CREBBP) to form dsRNA-activated factor 1 (DRAF1), a complex which activates the transcription of the type I IFN and ISG genes. Can activate distinct gene expression programs in macrophages and can induce significant apoptosis in primary macrophages.
Catalog Number:
(10251-552)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
DNA damage or incomplete replication of DNA results in the inhibition of cell cycle progression at the G1 to S or the G2 to M phase transition by conserved regulatory mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints. Checkpoint proteins include Rad17, which is involved in regulating cell cycle progression at the G1 checkpoint as well as Chk1, Chk2, Rad1, Rad9 and Hus1, which are involved in regulating cell cycle arrest at the G2 checkpoint. In response to DNA damage, ATM and ATR kinases are important for cell cycle checkpoint response signalling. ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP), also designated ATM and Rad3-related-interacting protein, is required for checkpoint signaling after DNA damage. It is also important for ATR expression, which regulates DNA replication and damage checkpoint responses. ATRIP is a ubiquitously expressed protein that can form heterodimers with ATR. After dimerization they bind the RPA complex and are recruited to single stranded DNA. ATRIP is a nuclear protein that may also play a role in protein stabilization.
Catalog Number:
(10268-742)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain was identified as a 270 amino acid motif that mediates associations between various PAS family transcription factors. Several PAS domain family members have been identified including AhR, Arnt 1, and single-minded proteins (SIM1 and SIM2). The aromatic (aryl) hydrocarbon receptor, AhR, is a ligand dependent transcription factor that interacts with specific DNA sequences termed xenobiotic responsive elements (XREs) to activate several genes including CYP1A1, glutathione S-transferase Ya subunit and DT-diaphorase. The Ah receptor nuclear translocator protein 1 (Arnt 1) is required for ligand- dependent nuclear translocation of the Ah receptor and is also necessary for Ah receptor binding to the XRE element. Both SIM1 and SIM2 inhibit AhR/Arnt dimerization, thus inhibiting transcriptional activation. The SIM genes are thought to be involved in the directing and regionalization of tissues during development and the SIM2 gene, which is located on chromosome 21, is a candidate for the gene responsible for Down syndrome.
Catalog Number:
(10306-022)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Transcriptional activator required for lipid homeostasis. Regulates transcription of the LDL receptor gene as well as the fatty acid and to a lesser degree the cholesterol synthesis pathway. Binds to the sterol regulatory element 1 (SRE-1) (5'-ATCACCCCAC-3'). Has dual sequence specificity binding to both an E-box motif (5'-ATCACGTGA-3') and to SRE-1 (5'-ATCACCCCAC-3'). Isoform SREBP-1A is much more active than isoform SREBP-1C in stimulating transcription from SRE-1-containing promoters. [SUBUNIT] Forms a tight complex with SCAP in the ER membrane. Efficient DNA binding of the soluble transcription factor fragment requires dimerization with another bHLH protein. Interacts with LMNA. [SUBCELLULAR LOCATION] Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPII-coated vesicle membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Note=Moves from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi in the absence of sterols. [SUBCELLULAR LOCATION] Processed sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1: Nucleus. Belongs to the SREBP family.
Catalog Number:
(10341-072)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Acute phase-regulated receptor involved in clearance and endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes by macrophages and may thereby protect tissues from free hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage. May play a role in the uptake and recycling of iron, via endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin and subsequent breakdown of heme. Binds hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes in a calcium-dependent and pH-dependent manner. Exhibits a higher affinity for complexes of hemoglobin and multimeric haptoglobin of HP*1F phenotype than for complexes of hemoglobin and dimeric haptoglobin of HP*1S phenotype. Induces a cascade of intracellular signals that involves tyrosine kinase-dependent calcium mobilization, inositol triphosphate production and secretion of IL6 and CSF1. Isoform 3 exhibits the higher capacity for ligand endocytosis and the more pronounced surface expression when expressed in cells. After shedding, the soluble form (sCD163) may play an anti-inflammatory role, and may be a valuable diagnostic parameter for monitoring macrophage activation in inflammatory conditions.
Catalog Number:
(10355-810)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Key transcriptional regulator of type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses and plays a critical role in the innate immune response against DNA and RNA viruses. Regulates the transcription of type I IFN genes (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) by binding to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. Can efficiently activate both the IFN-beta (IFNB) and the IFN-alpha (IFNA) genes and mediate their induction via both the virus-activated, MyD88-independent pathway and the TLR-activated, MyD88-dependent pathway. Required during both the early and late phases of the IFN gene induction but is more critical for the late than for the early phase. Exists in an inactive form in the cytoplasm of uninfected cells and following viral infection, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), or toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, becomes phosphorylated by IKBKE and TBK1 kinases. This induces a conformational change, leading to its dimerization and nuclear localization where along with other coactivators it can activate transcription of the type I IFN and ISG genes. Can also play a role in regulating adaptive immune responses by inducing PSMB9/LMP2 expression, either directly or through induction of IRF1. Binds to the Q promoter (Qp) of EBV nuclear antigen 1 a (EBNA1) and may play a role in the regulation of EBV latency. Can activate distinct gene expression programs in macrophages and regulate the anti-tumor properties of primary macrophages.
Catalog Number:
(77439-236)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
c-Met, a member of the tyrosine kinase superfamily, is the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor, also known as scatter factor (HGF/SF). The mature c-Met protein is a disulfide-linked heterodimer with Mr=190 kDa composed of a heavily glycosylated alpha subunit that is completely extracellular in localization, and a beta subunit comprising an extracellular ligand binding domain, a single transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. Cells expressing c-Met include epithelial cells, endothelial cells, blood cells of various types, and glomerular mesenchymal cells. HGF/SF binding to c-Met stimulates receptor dimerization and the phosphorylation of numerous residues within the receptors cytoplasmic domain. Signaling proteins that are phosphorylated and/or localized in response to c-Met phosphorylation include: Grb2, Shc, Cbl, Crk, cortactin, paxillin, GAB1, PI3K, FAK, Src, Ras, ERK1 and 2, JNK, PLC gamma, AKT, and STAT3. HGF/SF stimulation of c-Met expressing cells enhances proliferation, migration, morphogenesis, and protease synthesis, characteristics that are associated with invasive cell phenotype. Many types of cancer exhibit sustained c-Met stimulation, overexpression, or mutation, including carcinomas of the colon, breast, ovary, lung, liver, prostate, thyroid, kidney, as well as melanomas and sarcomas. In addition to cancer studies, other research areas in which c-Met is under investigation include organogenesis, organ regeneration, angiogenesis and surgical wound healing.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
ANG-2 binds to the endothelial cell specific receptor Tie-2, but, in contrast to ANG-1, does not induce tyrosine phosphorylation. Consequently, ANG-2 modulates ANG-1 activation of Tie-2 and, depending on the physiological and biochemical environment, can act either as an agonist or antagonist of Tie-2 induced angiogenesis. The signaling interactions of ANG-1, ANG-2 and Tie-2, along with less characterized ANG-3 and ANG-4, are required for embryonic and adult angiogenesis. Physiologically, ANG-1 and ANG-2 are associated with sprouting, tube formation, and structural integrity of newly formed blood vessels. Mature human ANG-2 is a secreted protein containing 480 amino acid residues. ANG-2 is composed of an alpha-helix-rich “coiled coil” N-terminal domain and fibrinogen-like C-terminal domain. ANG-2 exists predominantly in the form of a disulfide-linked dimer. Recombinant Human ANG-2 is a C-terminal histidine-tagged glycoprotein which migrates with an apparent molecular mass of 60.0 – 70.0 kDa by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. Sequencing analysis shows an N-terminal sequence starting with residue 68 (D) of the ANG-2 precursor protein. The calculated molecular weight of Recombinant Human ANG-2 is 50.1 kDa.
Catalog Number:
(10355-794)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Key transcriptional regulator of type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses which plays a critical role in the innate immune response against DNA and RNA viruses. Regulates the transcription of type I IFN genes (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) by binding to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. Acts as a more potent activator of the IFN-beta (IFNB) gene than the IFN-alpha (IFNA) gene and plays a critical role in both the early and late phases of the IFNA/B gene induction. Found in an inactive form in the cytoplasm of uninfected cells and following viral infection, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), or toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, is phosphorylated by IKBKE and TBK1 kinases. This induces a conformational change, leading to its dimerization and nuclear localization and association with CREB binding protein (CREBBP) to form dsRNA-activated factor 1 (DRAF1), a complex which activates the transcription of the type I IFN and ISG genes. Can activate distinct gene expression programs in macrophages and can induce significant apoptosis in primary macrophages.
Supplier:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Resistin-like molecule-gamma (RELM-γ) is a member of the RELM family of secreted proteins containing C-terminal cysteines. The RELM family consists of Resistin (FIZZ3), RELM-α (FIZZ1), RELM-β (FIZZ2), and RELM-γ (FIZZ4). RELM-γ is secreted by peripheral blood granulocytes, bone marrow, spleen, intestine, and lung. RELM-γ functions to promote and regulate promyelocytic differentiation, in addition to regulating nutrient-associated insulin sensitivity in the intestinal tract. Rodents secrete all four RELM family members, whereas Resistin and RELM-β are the only RELM family members found in humans.
Catalog Number:
(10389-496)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme involved in the defense system against reactive oxygen species (ROS). SOD catalyzes the dismutation reaction of superoxide radical anion (O2-) to hydrogen peroxide, which is then catalyzed to innocuous O2 and H2O by glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Several classes of SOD have been identified. These include intracellular copper, zinc SOD (Cu, Zn-SOD/SOD-1), mitochondrial manganese SOD (Mn-SOD/SOD-2) and extracellular Cu, Zn-SOD (EC-SOD/SOD-3). SOD1 is found in all eukaryotic species as a homodimeric 32 kDa enzyme containing one each of Cu and Zn ion per subunit. The manganese containing 80 kDa tetrameric enzyme SOD2, is located in the mitochondrial matrix in close proximity to a primary endogenous source of superoxide, the mitochondrial respiratory chain. SOD3 is a heparin-binding multimer of disulfide-linked dimers, primarily expressed in human lungs, vessel walls and airways. SOD4 is a copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS), which specifically delivers Cu to copper/zinc superoxide dismutase. CCS may activate copper/zinc superoxide dismutase through direct insertion of the Cu cofactor.
Catalog Number:
(89359-234)
Supplier:
Genetex
Description:
Histone proteins H3, H4, H2A, and H2B function as building blocks to package eukaryotic DNA into repeating nucleosome units that are folded in higher order chromatin fibers. The nucleosome is composed of an octamer containing a H3/H4 tetramer and two H2A/H2B dimers, surrounded by approximately 146 base pairs of DNA. A diverse and elaborate array of post-translational modifications including acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and ADP-ribosylation occurs on the N-terminal tail domains of histones. Acetylation of lysine residues within these N-terminal domains by histone acetyl-transferases (HATs), including Gcn5p, P/CAF, p300/CBP, and TAFII250, is associated with transcriptional activation. This modification results in remodeling of the nucleosome structure into an open conformation more accessible to transcription complexes. Conversely, histone deacetylation by histone deacetylases (HDACs) is associated with transcription repression reversing the chromatin remodeling process. In most species, histone H3 is primarily acetylated at lysine 9, 14, 18, and 23. Acetylation at lysine 9 appears to have a dominant role in histone deposition and chromatin assembly in some organisms.
Supplier:
Tonbo Biosciences
Description:
The ACK2 antibody is specific for CD117, also called c-Kit, a 145 kDa cytokine receptor important in the development of hematopoietic stem cells, in oogenesis, and for functional activity of immune cells such as NK and mast cells. c-Kit binds to a ligand known as stem cell factor (SCF), or alternatively as mast cell growth factor. Ligand binding promotes the activation (dimerization) and subsequent tyrosine kinase activity of the c-Kit receptor and triggers key survival, expansion and maturation signals during hematopoietic progenitor cell development. Conversely, shedding of extracellular domain of c-Kit receptor is reported to induce inactivation or apoptosis within these cells. The survival signaling activity of c-Kit confers a proto-oncogenic attribute to the receptor, as overexpression or mutations in this protein are associated with tumor development. The ACK2 antibody is widely utilized as a marker to identify hematopoietic progenitors, and to neutralize receptor-ligand binding in vitro and in vivo. Please choose the appropriate format for each application. In addition, the antibody is reported to be cross-reactive with rat c-Kit and is extensively published for use in this species.
Catalog Number:
(10410-300)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding growth factor GAS6 and which is thus regulating many physiological processes including cell survival, cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Ligand binding at the cell surface induces dimerization and autophosphorylation of AXL. Following activation by ligand, ALX binds and induces tyrosine phosphorylation of PI3-kinase subunits PIK3R1, PIK3R2 and PIK3R3; but also GRB2, PLCG1, LCK and PTPN11. Other downstream substrate candidates for AXL are CBL, NCK2, SOCS1 and TENC1. Recruitment of GRB2 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase regulatory subunits by AXL leads to the downstream activation of the AKT kinase. GAS6/AXL signaling plays a role in various processes such as endothelial cell survival during acidification by preventing apoptosis, optimal cytokine signaling during human natural killer cell development, hepatic regeneration, gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron survival and migration, platelet activation, or regulation of thrombotic responses. Plays also an important role in inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune response. In case of filovirus infection, seems to function as a cell entry factor.
Supplier:
Biotium
Description:
Estrogen receptors (ER) are members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Estrogen receptors, including ER-alpha and ER-beta, contain DNA binding and ligand binding domains and are critically involved in regulating the normal function of reproductive tissues. They are located in the nucleus, though some estrogen receptors associate with the cell surface membrane and can be rapidly activated by exposure of cells to estrogen. ER-alpha and ER-beta are differentially activated by various ligands. Receptor-ligand interactions trigger a cascade of events, including dissociation from heat shock proteins, receptor dimerization, phosphorylation and the association of the hormone activated receptor with specific regulatory elements in target genes. Evidence suggests that ER-alpha and ER-beta may be regulated by distinct mechanisms even though they share many functional characteristics.
CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®640R is a far-red fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 642/662 nm) with excellent brightness, and the best photostabiity among spectrally-similar dyes.
Supplier:
Biotium
Description:
Estrogen receptors (ER) are members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Estrogen receptors, including ER-alpha and ER-beta, contain DNA binding and ligand binding domains and are critically involved in regulating the normal function of reproductive tissues. They are located in the nucleus, though some estrogen receptors associate with the cell surface membrane and can be rapidly activated by exposure of cells to estrogen. ER-alpha and ER-beta are differentially activated by various ligands. Receptor-ligand interactions trigger a cascade of events, including dissociation from heat shock proteins, receptor dimerization, phosphorylation and the association of the hormone activated receptor with specific regulatory elements in target genes. Evidence suggests that ER-alpha and ER-beta may be regulated by distinct mechanisms even though they share many functional characteristics.
CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®568 is a red fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 562/583 nm) with superior brightness and photostability. It also is compatible with super-resolution imaging by STORM and TIRF.
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