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Catalog Number:
(10396-440)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Functions as a polyspecific organic cation transporter, efficiently transporting many organic cations such as monoamine neurotransmitters 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and biogenic amines including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. May play a role in regulating central nervous system homeostasis of monoamine neurotransmitters. May be involved in luminal transport of organic cations in the kidney and seems to use luminal proton gradient to drive organic cation reabsorption. Does not seem to transport nucleoside and nucleoside analogs such as uridine, cytidine, thymidine, adenosine, inosine, guanosine, and azidothymidine. In (PubMed:16873718) adenosine is efficiently transported but in a fashion highly sensitive to extracellular pH, with maximal activity in the pH range 5.5 to 6.5. Glu-206 is essential for the cation selectivity and may function as the charge sensor for cationic substrates. Transport is chloride and sodium-independent but appears to be sensitive to changes in membrane potential. Weakly inhibited by the classical inhibitors of equilibrative nucleoside transport, dipyridamole, dilazep, and nitrobenzylthioinosine. May play a role in the regulation of extracellular adenosine concentrations in cardiac tissues, in particular during ischemia.
Catalog Number:
(10235-476)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Acts as an interface between multiple growth factor receptors possessing tyrosine kinase activity, such as insulin receptor, IGF1R and FGFR1, and a complex network of intracellular signaling molecules containing SH2 domains. Involved in the IGF1R mitogenic signaling pathway. Promotes the AKT1 signaling pathway and BAD phosphorylation during insulin stimulation without activation of RPS6KB1 or the inhibition of apoptosis. Interaction with GRB2 enhances insulin-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. May be involved in nonreceptor tyrosine kinase signaling in myoblasts. Plays a pivotal role in the proliferation/differentiation of hepatoblastoma cell through EPHB2 activation upon IGF1 stimulation. May play a role in the signal transduction in response to insulin and to a lesser extent in response to IL4 and GH on mitogenesis. Plays a role in growth, reproduction and glucose homeostasis. May act as negative regulators of the IGF1 signaling pathway by suppressing the function of IRS1 and IRS2.
Catalog Number:
(10263-664)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Fe65L2 is a 486 amino acid protein that contains one WW domain and two PID domains. Binding to the intracellular domain of the ∫-Amyloid precursor protein, Fe65L2 is thought to modulate the internalization and, therefore, the accessibility and function of ∫-Amyloid. Via its ability to control the intracellular accumulation of ∫-Amyloid, Fe65L2 is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Fe65L2 exists as four alternatively spliced isoforms designated isoform I, isoform II, isoform III and isoform IV. Fe65L2 interacts with Amyloid-like protein and is encoded by a gene located on human chromosome 5, which contains 181 million base pairs and comprises nearly 6% of the human genome. Deletion of the p arm of chromosome 5 leads to Cri du chat syndrome, while deletion of the q arm or of chromosome 5 altogether is common in therapy-related acute myelogenous leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome.
Catalog Number:
(10280-028)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Sp1 is a sequence-specific transcription factor that recognizes GGGGCGGGGC and closely related sequences, which are often referred to as GC boxes. Sp1 was initially identified as a HeLa cell-derived factor that selectively activates in vitro transcription from the SV40 promoter and binds to the multiple GC boxes in the 21-bp repeated elements in SV40. The sequence specificity of DNA binding is conferred by Zn (II) fingers, whereas a different region of Sp1 appears to regulate the affinity of DNA binding. Sp1 belongs to a subgroup of transcription factors that are phosphorylated upon binding to promoter sequences. Evidence suggests that the early growth response gene, Erg-1 (also known as Zif268 or NGF1-A) (7), may downregulate certain mammalian gene promoters by competing with Sp1 for binding to an overlapping binding motif. The gene encoding human Sp1 maps to chromosome 12q13.1.
Catalog Number:
(10301-144)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Zinc-finger proteins contain DNA-binding domains and have a wide variety of functions, most of which encompass some form of transcriptional activation or repression. The majority of zinc-finger proteins contain a Krüppel-type DNA binding domain and a KRAB domain, which is thought to interact with KAP1, thereby recruiting histone modifying proteins. ZBTB4 (zinc finger and BTB domain containing 4), also known as KAISO-L1 (KAISO-like zinc finger protein 1), is a 1,013 amino acid nuclear protein that is involved in transcriptional regulation. ZBTB4 contains one BTB (POZ) domain, six C2H2-type zinc fingers and is phosphorylated and downregulated by HIPK2. The gene encoding ZBTB4 maps to human chromosome 17, which comprises over 2.5% of the human genome and encodes over 1,200 genes.
Catalog Number:
(10297-302)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Zinc-finger proteins contain DNA-binding domains and have a wide variety of functions, most of which encompass some form of transcriptional activation or repression. The majority of zinc-finger proteins contain a krueppel-type DNA binding domain and a KRAB domain, which is thought to interact with KAP1, thereby recruiting histone modifying proteins. GLI-4, also known as HKR4, is a 376 amino acid protein that localizes to the nucleus and contains seven C2H2-type zinc fingers. Belonging to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family, GLI-4 may function as a transcriptional regulator, effectively activating or repressing the transcription of target genes. The gene encoding GLI-4 maps to human chromosome 8, which consists of nearly 146 million base pairs, houses more than 800 genes and is associated with a variety of diseases and malignancies.
Catalog Number:
(10282-534)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Apolipoproteins are protein components of plasma lipoproteins. Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA1) promotes cholesterol efflux from tissues to the liver for excretion. ApoA1 is the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the plasma. It can function as a cofactor for lecithin cholesterolacyltransferase, which is responsible for the formation of most plasma cholesteryl esters. AI-BP (Apolipoprotein A-I-binding protein), also known as YjeF N-terminal domain-containing protein 1, is a 288 amino acid secreted protein that binds ApoA1, ApoA2 and HDL. Individuals with impaired renal function show an increased rate of AI-BP excretion, indicating that it is normally reabsorbed within the kidney tubules. AI-BP belongs to the YjeF N-terminal domain protein family, which includes proteins that are frequently involved in oogenesis and spermatogenesis. There are two isoforms of AI-BP that are produced as a result of alternative splicing events.
Catalog Number:
(10233-702)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. Active in progenitor and cancer cells. Inactive, or very low activity, in normal somatic cells. Catalytic component of the teleromerase holoenzyme complex whose main activity is the elongation of telomeres by acting as a reverse transcriptase that adds simple sequence repeats to chromosome ends by copying a template sequence within the RNA component of the enzyme. Catalyzes the RNA-dependent extension of 3'-chromosomal termini with the 6-nucleotide telomeric repeat unit, 5'-TTAGGG-3'. The catalytic cycle involves primer binding, primer extension and release of product once the template boundary has been reached or nascent product translocation followed by further extension. More active on substrates containing 2 or 3 telomeric repeats. Telomerase activity is regulated by a number of factors including telomerase complex-associated proteins, chaperones and polypeptide modifiers. Modulates Wnt signaling. Plays important roles in aging and antiapoptosis.
Catalog Number:
(10286-128)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
DNA polymerase activity is essential for replication, repair, recombination and mutagenesis. DNA polymerases can often bypass DNA lesions that block DNA replication, thereby allowing the replication of damaged DNA. One such DNA polymerase is the distributive enzyme DNA Pol i, which is encoded by the POLI gene. POLI is located on human chromosome 18q21.2, a region often implicated in the etiology of many human cancers. At thymine templates, DNA Pol i is highly error-prone when replicating undamaged DNA in that it favors the misincorporation of guanine over the correct nucleotide, adenosine. DNA Pol i also promotes the replication of damaged DNA by misincorporating deoxynucleotides opposite DNA lesions. DNA Pol i acts sequentially with DNA Pol Ω, which is essential for damage-induced mutagenesis, to complete the DNA lesion bypass. Therefore, replication involving DNA Pol i is likely to be highly mutagenic.
Catalog Number:
(10264-028)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Cerebellin (CER), which was originally isolated from rat cerebellum, is a hexadecapeptide derived from a larger precursor Cerebellin 1, also designated precerebellin 1 or Cbln1. Four propeptides, Cerebellin 1, Cerebellin 2 (Cbln2), Cerebellin 3 (Cbln3), and Cerebellin 4 (Cbln4), comprise the precerebellin subfamily within the C1q protein family. Cerebellin family members act as transneuronal regulators of synapse development and synaptic plasticity in various brain regions. CER and it metabolite des-Ser1-cerebellin are also expressed in several extra-cerebellar tissues, including adrenal gland. Cerebellin 1, 2 and 3 assemble into homomeric and heteromeric complexes, thereby influencing each other’s degradation and secretion. Cerebellin 3 is not able to form homomeric complexes, and can only be secreted upon forming a heteromeric complex with Cerebellin 1. Decreased concentrations of CER has been found in the brain of patients with olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) and Shy-Drager syndrome, suggesting a role for CER in the pathology of these diseases.
Catalog Number:
(10274-996)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Potassium channels are present in most mammalian cells, where they participate in a wide range of physiologic responses. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and inward-rectifier type potassium channel. The encoded protein, which has a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into a cell rather than out of a cell, is controlled by G-proteins and is found associated with the sulfonylurea receptor SUR. Mutations in this gene are a cause of familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by unregulated insulin secretion. Defects in this gene may also contribute to autosomal dominant non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type II (NIDDM), transient neonatal diabetes mellitus type 3 (TNDM3), and permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq]
Catalog Number:
(10280-728)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C (eIF2C) proteins (argonaute family) influence RNA interference (RNAi) as components of the RNA-inducible silencing complex (RISC) or microRNA (miRNA)-containing ribonucleoprotein particle (miRNP). Small RNAs, including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and miRNAs, can silence target genes through mechanisms that utilize RISC or miRNP particles. eIF2C1 (argonaute 1, AGO1, eIF2C, GERP95, Q99) and Dicer1 play a coordinated role in siRNA-mediated gene silencing. eIF2C2 (Slicer, argonaute 2, AGO2, Q10) is a RISC component that can concentrate in cytoplasmic processing bodies (P-bodies) and catalyze mRNA cleavage. Mammalian P-bodies contain mRNAs and have an association with miRNA-induced translational silencing and siRNA-induced mRNA degradation. Additional eIF2C proteins include eIF2C3 (argonaute 3, AGO3), eIF2C4 (argonaute 4, AGO4) and meIF2c5 (mouse argonaute 5).
Catalog Number:
(10302-128)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine whose function is mediated through two distinct cell surface receptors (1,2). These receptors, designated TNF-R1 and TNF-R2, are expressed on most cell types (1,3). The majority of TNF functions are primarily mediated through TNF-R1 (1,4). FAN (for factor associated with neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) activation) is an intermediate protein that interacts with TNF-R1 to initiate TNF signaling events. FAN binds to TNF-R1 at the cytoplasmic NSD (N-SMase activating domain), which results in the initiation of the N-SMase pathway (5). N-SMase has been shown to be involved in TNF-induced Raf-1 activation (6). FAN contains four carboxy-terminal WD-repeat domains which appear to be involved in protein-protein interaction. The FAN WD-repeats may mediate the interaction between FAN and TNF-R1 (5).
Catalog Number:
(10282-412)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
TMEM16C is a 981 amino acid multi-pass membrane protein that is encoded by a gene which maps to chromosome 11. With approximately 135 million base pairs and 1,400 genes, chromosome 11 makes up around 4% of human genomic DNA and is considered a gene and disease association dense chromosome. The chromosome 11 encoded Atm gene is important for regulation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis following double strand DNA breaks. Atm mutation leads to the disorder known as ataxia-telangiectasia. The blood disorders Sickle cell anemia and thalassemia are caused by HBB gene mutations, while Wilms' tumors, WAGR syndrome and Denys-Drash syndrome are associated with mutations of the WT1 gene. Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, Jacobsen syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease, hereditary angioedema and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome are also associated with defects in chromosome 11.
Catalog Number:
(10282-980)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the pathway by which many receptors for nutrients and hormones are internalized to be recycled or down-regulated. During formation of clathrin coated membranes, clathrin co-assembles with heterotetrameric molecules known as assembly polypeptides (APs) or adaptors which form a layer of protein coat between the clathrin lattice and the membrane. There are two characterized adaptors AP1 and AP2. AP1 is associated with clathrin coated vesicles at the trans-Golgi network and AP2 is associated with the endocytic clathrin coated vesicles at the plasma membrane and has been shown to specifically interact with Shc and EGF receptor. AP2 is composed of four subunits, two separate 100 kDa gene products with similar domain structures (alpha and beta adaptin) and a 50 and 17 kDa subunit. There are two alpha-adaptin genes, alpha A and alpha C which have a tissue specific pattern of expression.
Catalog Number:
(10263-838)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Clathrin-coated pits and vesicles are assembled for receptor-mediated endocytosis through interaction with clathrin associated protein complexes. Vesicle transport is mediated from the trans-Golgi network by the adapter complex AP-1 and from the plasma membrane by the AP-2 complex. The AP-1 and AP-2 adapter protein complexes consist of clathrin binding adaptin proteins and two smaller subunits known as AP50 and AP17. The Alpha- and Beta-Adaptin chains have a similar two-domain organization with C-terminal domains that vary in both sequence and length. Alpha-Adaptin splice variants A and C display variable relative expression levels and differential distribution in different tissues. AP180 (also designated AP-3 or F1-20) is a synapse-specific clathrin assembly protein. The protein CALM (clathrin assembly protein lymphoid myeloid leukemia) is highly homologous to AP180 and may also be involved in clathrin assembly.
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