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Description:
Cell adhesion molecule-related/down-regulated by oncogenes (CDO) and BOC (brother of CDO) are members of the immunoglobulin/fibronectin type III repeat family and act as cell surface receptors. CDO is a component of a cell-surface receptor complex which also contains BOC, NEO1, CTNNB1 and cadherins and which acts as a mediator of cell-cell interactions between muscle cells. CDO and BOC are single pass membrane proteins that play a role in myogenic cell differentiation. Together, CDO and BOC participate in a positive feedback loop with MyoD, a myogenic transcription factor. The 1,242 amino acid rat CDO protein has a 24 residue signal sequence, five Ig V-like repeats, a 25 residue membrane-spanning region, three FNIII-like repeats and a cytoplasmic region of 256 amino acids containing a proline-rich stretch. The human protein contains 1,225 amino acid residues and shares significant homology with the domain structures of the rat protein.
Description:
Cell adhesion molecule-related/down-regulated by oncogenes (CDO) and BOC (brother of CDO) are members of the immunoglobulin/fibronectin type III repeat family and act as cell surface receptors. CDO is a component of a cell-surface receptor complex which also contains BOC, NEO1, CTNNB1 and cadherins and which acts as a mediator of cell-cell interactions between muscle cells. CDO and BOC are single pass membrane proteins that play a role in myogenic cell differentiation. Together, CDO and BOC participate in a positive feedback loop with MyoD, a myogenic transcription factor. The 1,242 amino acid rat CDO protein has a 24 residue signal sequence, five Ig V-like repeats, a 25 residue membrane-spanning region, three FNIII-like repeats and a cytoplasmic region of 256 amino acids containing a proline-rich stretch. The human protein contains 1,225 amino acid residues and shares significant homology with the domain structures of the rat protein.
Description:
Cell adhesion molecule-related/down-regulated by oncogenes (CDO) and BOC (brother of CDO) are members of the immunoglobulin/fibronectin type III repeat family and act as cell surface receptors. CDO is a component of a cell-surface receptor complex which also contains BOC, NEO1, CTNNB1 and cadherins and which acts as a mediator of cell-cell interactions between muscle cells. CDO and BOC are single pass membrane proteins that play a role in myogenic cell differentiation. Together, CDO and BOC participate in a positive feedback loop with MyoD, a myogenic transcription factor. The 1,242 amino acid rat CDO protein has a 24 residue signal sequence, five Ig V-like repeats, a 25 residue membrane-spanning region, three FNIII-like repeats and a cytoplasmic region of 256 amino acids containing a proline-rich stretch. The human protein contains 1,225 amino acid residues and shares significant homology with the domain structures of the rat protein.
Description:
Human Interleukin 31 (IL-31) is a cytokine containing a four-helix bundle structure. It shares several structural and functional characteristics with IL-6, Oncostatin M, LIF, and Cardiotrophin-1. Human IL-31 cDNA encodes a 164 amino acid precursor that contains a 23 amino acid signal peptide and a 141 amino acid mature protein. Human and mouse IL-31 share 24% sequence identity in the mature region. IL-31 is mainly associated with activated T cells and is preferentially expressed by type 2 helper T cells (Th2). IL-31 signals via a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of a gp130 related molecule termed IL-31RA (also GPL and GLMR) and an Oncostatin M receptor (OSM R beta ). The IL-31 receptor is constitutively expressed by keratinocytes and upregulated by IFN gamma on monocytes. GPL/OSMR signaling is a strong activator of STAT3 and STAT5, and can also activate STAT1, Jak1, and Jak2 signaling pathways. IL-31 regulated immune responses have been implicated in skin physiology and inflammatory skin diseases. Studies have shown that IL31 induces severe pruritis (itching) and dermatitis in transgenic mice.