Allylpalladium(II)+chloride+dimer
Catalog Number:
(75931-576)
Supplier:
Rockland Immunochemical
Description:
Rheb (Ras homolog enriched in brain) is an evolutionarily conserved member of the Ras family of small GTP-binding proteins originally found to be rapidly induced by synaptic activity in the hippocampus following seizure. While it is expressed at relatively high levels in the brain, Rheb is widely expressed in other tissues and may be induced by growth factor stimulation. Similar to other family members, Rheb triggers activation of the Raf-MEK-MAPK pathway. Biochemical and genetic studies demonstrate that Rheb has an important role in regulating the insulin/Target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway. TOR is a serine/threonine protein kinase that acts as a sensor for ATP and amino acids, balancing the availability of nutrients with protein translation and cell growth. A dimeric protein complex termed TSC1/TSC2 indirectly inhibits TOR activity by inhibiting Rheb via the GAP activity of TSC2.
Catalog Number:
(10279-698)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Wnt-induced secreted protein (WISP)-1, WISP-2 and WISP-3 are members of the CCN family of growth factors, which include connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and Cyr61. WISP-1, WISP-2 and WISP-3 share significant sequence similarity, including four conserved cysteine-rich domains, and they are believed to function as dimers in their active forms. WISP-1 expression is observed in various tissues including adult heart, kidney and spleen, while WISP-2 expression predominates in skeletal muscle, colon and ovary. Both WISP-1 and WISP-2 are upregulated in cells transformed with the proto-oncogene Wnt-1, and they are also more highly expressed in human colon tumors, suggesting that these proteins may participate in tumor development. WISP-3 is involved in normal post-natal skeletal growth, and it is also implicated in the development of the autosomal recessive skeletal disorder progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia, which affects cartilage homeostasis by disrupting the growth of chondrocyte and normal cell columnar organization.
Catalog Number:
(10279-760)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Wnt-induced secreted protein (WISP)-1, WISP-2 and WISP-3 are members of the CCN family of growth factors, which include connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and Cyr61. WISP-1, WISP-2 and WISP-3 share significant sequence similarity, including four conserved cysteine-rich domains, and they are believed to function as dimers in their active forms. WISP-1 expression is observed in various tissues including adult heart, kidney and spleen, while WISP-2 expression predominates in skeletal muscle, colon and ovary. Both WISP-1 and WISP-2 are upregulated in cells transformed with the proto-oncogene Wnt-1, and they are also more highly expressed in human colon tumors, suggesting that these proteins may participate in tumor development. WISP-3 is involved in normal post-natal skeletal growth, and it is also implicated in the development of the autosomal recessive skeletal disorder progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia, which affects cartilage homeostasis by disrupting the growth of chondrocyte and normal cell columnar organization.
Catalog Number:
(75931-578)
Supplier:
Rockland Immunochemical
Description:
Rheb (Ras homolog enriched in brain) is an evolutionarily conserved member of the Ras family of small GTP-binding proteins originally found to be rapidly induced by synaptic activity in the hippocampus following seizure. While it is expressed at relatively high levels in the brain, Rheb is widely expressed in other tissues and may be induced by growth factor stimulation. Similar to other family members, Rheb triggers activation of the Raf-MEK-MAPK pathway. Biochemical and genetic studies demonstrate that Rheb has an important role in regulating the insulin/Target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway. TOR is a serine/threonine protein kinase that acts as a sensor for ATP and amino acids, balancing the availability of nutrients with protein translation and cell growth. A dimeric protein complex termed TSC1/TSC2 indirectly inhibits TOR activity by inhibiting Rheb via the GAP activity of TSC2.
Catalog Number:
(76195-504)
Supplier:
Prosci
Description:
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor is a type I receptor tyrosine kinase, referred to as <a href=../search_result.php?search_txt=egfr>EGFR</a>, ErbB1 and HER1. When EGFR is activated by one of its ligands, it dimerizes. It can form a homodimer, heterodimers with other ErbB family members, or even a cluster of EGFRs. Activation stimulates EGFRs intracellular kinase activity. Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the C-terminal domain of EGFR leads to association with proteins with phosphotyrosine-binding domains which then signal the initiation of signal transduction cascades including the JNK, MAPK, AKT, and possibly <a href=../apoptosis-antibodies.html>Nf-KB</a>, pathways. Overexpression of EGFR is the cause of some types of cancer, including lung and colon cancer. It has also been linked to psoriasis, eczema and atherosclerosis, although poorly defined. Monoclonal antibody to EGFR can be used to block the extracellular ligand binding domain, therebye blocking tyrosine kinase activation and subsequent signal transduction.
Catalog Number:
(75933-420)
Supplier:
Rockland Immunochemical
Description:
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 (UEV1) was initially discovered as a protein similar in sequence and structure to the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes but lacking their enzymatic activity. There are at least two variants and multiple isoforms of UEV1. In particular, UEV1A (Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 1 isoform A) has recently been shown to be an important component of the Toll-like receptor and IL-1R signaling pathway. Signals from these pathways are relayed by a number of downstream molecules such as MyD88 and tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor (TRAF6), ultimately activating various kinases and transcription factors. UEV1A is part of a dimeric ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complex also containing Ubc13 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 13) that together with TRAF6 activates TAK1, a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase family. The Ubc13-UEV1A complex also mediates the Lys-63 ubiquitination of TRAF-6, and this ubiquitination is essential for TAK1 activation.
Catalog Number:
(10416-004)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The human insulin receptor is a heterotetrameric membrane glycoprotein consisting of disulfide linked subunits in a beta-alpha-alpha-beta configuration. The beta subunit (95 kDa) possesses a single transmembrane domain, whereas the alpha subunit (135 kDa) is completely extracellular. The insulin receptor exhibits receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activity. RTKs are single pass transmembrane receptors that possess intrinsic cytoplasmic enzymatic activity, catalyzing the transfer of the gamma phosphate of ATP to tyrosine residues in protein substrates. RTKs are essential components of signal transduction pathways that affect cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and metabolism.Included in this large protein family are the insulin receptor and the receptors for growth factors such as epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Receptor activation occurs through ligand binding, which facilitates receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic portion. The interaction of insulin with the alpha subunit of the insulin receptor activates the protein tyrosine kinase of the beta subunit, which then undergoes an autophosphorylation that increases its tyrosine kinase activity. Three adapter proteins, IRS1, IRS2 and Shc, become phosphorylated on tyrosine residues following insulin receptor activation. These three phosphorylated proteins then interact with SH2 domain containing signaling proteins.
Catalog Number:
(10235-852)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The human insulin receptor is a heterotetrameric membrane glycoprotein consisting of disulfide linked subunits in a beta-alpha-alpha-beta configuration. The beta subunit (95 kDa) possesses a single transmembrane domain, whereas the alpha subunit (135 kDa) is completely extracellular. The insulin receptor exhibits receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activity. RTKs are single pass transmembrane receptors that possess intrinsic cytoplasmic enzymatic activity, catalyzing the transfer of the gamma phosphate of ATP to tyrosine residues in protein substrates. RTKs are essential components of signal transduction pathways that affect cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and metabolism.Included in this large protein family are the insulin receptor and the receptors for growth factors such as epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Receptor activation occurs through ligand binding, which facilitates receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic portion. The interaction of insulin with the alpha subunit of the insulin receptor activates the protein tyrosine kinase of the beta subunit, which then undergoes an autophosphorylation that increases its tyrosine kinase activity. Three adapter proteins, IRS1, IRS2 and Shc, become phosphorylated on tyrosine residues following insulin receptor activation. These three phosphorylated proteins then interact with SH2 domain containing signaling proteins.
Catalog Number:
(10355-818)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Key transcriptional regulator of type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses and plays a critical role in the innate immune response against DNA and RNA viruses. Regulates the transcription of type I IFN genes (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) by binding to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. Can efficiently activate both the IFN-beta (IFNB) and the IFN-alpha (IFNA) genes and mediate their induction via both the virus-activated, MyD88-independent pathway and the TLR-activated, MyD88-dependent pathway. Required during both the early and late phases of the IFN gene induction but is more critical for the late than for the early phase. Exists in an inactive form in the cytoplasm of uninfected cells and following viral infection, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), or toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, becomes phosphorylated by IKBKE and TBK1 kinases. This induces a conformational change, leading to its dimerization and nuclear localization where along with other coactivators it can activate transcription of the type I IFN and ISG genes. Can also play a role in regulating adaptive immune responses by inducing PSMB9/LMP2 expression, either directly or through induction of IRF1. Binds to the Q promoter (Qp) of EBV nuclear antigen 1 a (EBNA1) and may play a role in the regulation of EBV latency. Can activate distinct gene expression programs in macrophages and regulate the anti-tumor properties of primary macrophages.
Catalog Number:
(76083-642)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Key transcriptional regulator of type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses which plays a critical role in the innate immune response against DNA and RNA viruses. Regulates the transcription of type I IFN genes (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) by binding to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. Acts as a more potent activator of the IFN-beta (IFNB) gene than the IFN-alpha (IFNA) gene and plays a critical role in both the early and late phases of the IFNA/B gene induction. Found in an inactive form in the cytoplasm of uninfected cells and following viral infection, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), or toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, is phosphorylated by IKBKE and TBK1 kinases. This induces a conformational change, leading to its dimerization and nuclear localization and association with CREB binding protein (CREBBP) to form dsRNA-activated factor 1 (DRAF1), a complex which activates the transcription of the type I IFN and ISG genes. Can activate distinct gene expression programs in macrophages and can induce significant apoptosis in primary macrophages.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family of heparin-binding growth factors consists of five known members, denoted PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, PDGF-AB, PDGF-CC and PDGF-DD. The mature and active form of these proteins, an anti-parallel, disulfide-linked dimer of two 12-14 kDa, polypeptide chains, is obtained through proteolytic processing of biologically inactive precursor proteins, which contain an N-terminal CUB domain and a PDGF/VEGF homologous domain. The PDGFs interact with two related protein tyrosine kinase receptors, PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β, and are potent mitogens for a variety of cell types, including smooth muscle cells, connective tissue cells, bone and cartilage cells, and certain tumor cells. They play an important role in a number of biological processes, including hyperplasia, chemotaxis, embryonic neuron development, and respiratory tubules' epithelial cell development. Mature PDGFs are stored in platelet α-granules, and are released upon platelet activation. PDGF-AA, -AB, -BB and -CC signal primarily through the PDGF-Rα receptor, whereas PDGF-DD interacts almost exclusively with the PDGF-Rβ receptor. Recombinant Human PDGF-CC is a 25.0 kDa protein consisting of two identical disulfide-linked, 112 amino acid, polypeptide chains.
Catalog Number:
(10410-304)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding growth factor GAS6 and which is thus regulating many physiological processes including cell survival, cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Ligand binding at the cell surface induces dimerization and autophosphorylation of AXL. Following activation by ligand, ALX binds and induces tyrosine phosphorylation of PI3-kinase subunits PIK3R1, PIK3R2 and PIK3R3; but also GRB2, PLCG1, LCK and PTPN11. Other downstream substrate candidates for AXL are CBL, NCK2, SOCS1 and TENC1. Recruitment of GRB2 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase regulatory subunits by AXL leads to the downstream activation of the AKT kinase. GAS6/AXL signaling plays a role in various processes such as endothelial cell survival during acidification by preventing apoptosis, optimal cytokine signaling during human natural killer cell development, hepatic regeneration, gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron survival and migration, platelet activation, or regulation of thrombotic responses. Plays also an important role in inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune response. In case of filovirus infection, seems to function as a cell entry factor.
Catalog Number:
(76082-898)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in various processes such as cell growth, development, or differentiation. Mediates essential signaling events in both innate and adaptive immunity and plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis during T-cells development. In the cytoplasm, plays a pivotal role in signal transduction via its association with type I receptors sharing the common subunit gamma such as IL2R, IL4R, IL7R, IL9R, IL15R and IL21R. Following ligand binding to cell surface receptors, phosphorylates specific tyrosine residues on the cytoplasmic tails of the receptor, creating docking sites for STATs proteins. Subsequently, phosphorylates the STATs proteins once they are recruited to the receptor. Phosphorylated STATs then form homodimer or heterodimers and translocate to the nucleus to activate gene transcription. For example, upon IL2R activation by IL2, JAK1 and JAK3 molecules bind to IL2R beta (IL2RB) and gamma chain (IL2RG) subunits inducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of both receptor subunits on their cytoplasmic domain. Then, STAT5A AND STAT5B are recruited, phosphorylated and activated by JAK1 and JAK3. Once activated, dimerized STAT5 translocates to the nucleus and promotes the transcription of specific target genes in a cytokine-specific fashion.
Supplier:
Biotium
Description:
This antibody recognizes an oncofetal glycoprotein with a single chain of 70 kDa, which is identified as alpha fetoprotein (AFP). This MAb is highly specific to AFP and shows no cross-reaction with other oncofetal antigens or serum albumin. The yolk sac and the liver produce AFP during fetal life. AFP expression in adults is often associated with hepatoma or teratoma. However, hereditary persistence of alpha-fetoprotein may also be found in individuals with no obvious pathology. The protein is thought to be the fetal counterpart of serum albumin, and the AFP and albumin genes are present in tandem in the same transcriptional orientation on chromosome 4. AFP is found in monomeric as well as dimeric and trimeric forms, and binds copper, nickel, fatty acids and bilirubin. The level of AFP in amniotic fluid is used to measure renal loss of protein to screen for spinal bifida and anencephaly.
CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®568 is a red fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 562/583 nm) with superior brightness and photostability. It also is compatible with super-resolution imaging by STORM and TIRF.
Catalog Number:
(10349-648)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Key transcriptional regulator of type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses which plays a critical role in the innate immune response against DNA and RNA viruses. Regulates the transcription of type I IFN genes (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) by binding to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. Acts as a more potent activator of the IFN-beta (IFNB) gene than the IFN-alpha (IFNA) gene and plays a critical role in both the early and late phases of the IFNA/B gene induction. Found in an inactive form in the cytoplasm of uninfected cells and following viral infection, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), or toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, is phosphorylated by IKBKE and TBK1 kinases. This induces a conformational change, leading to its dimerization and nuclear localization and association with CREB binding protein (CREBBP) to form dsRNA-activated factor 1 (DRAF1), a complex which activates the transcription of the type I IFN and ISG genes. Can activate distinct gene expression programs in macrophages and can induce significant apoptosis in primary macrophages.
Catalog Number:
(10349-664)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Key transcriptional regulator of type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses which plays a critical role in the innate immune response against DNA and RNA viruses. Regulates the transcription of type I IFN genes (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) by binding to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. Acts as a more potent activator of the IFN-beta (IFNB) gene than the IFN-alpha (IFNA) gene and plays a critical role in both the early and late phases of the IFNA/B gene induction. Found in an inactive form in the cytoplasm of uninfected cells and following viral infection, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), or toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, is phosphorylated by IKBKE and TBK1 kinases. This induces a conformational change, leading to its dimerization and nuclear localization and association with CREB binding protein (CREBBP) to form dsRNA-activated factor 1 (DRAF1), a complex which activates the transcription of the type I IFN and ISG genes. Can activate distinct gene expression programs in macrophages and can induce significant apoptosis in primary macrophages.
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