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Allylpalladium(II)+chloride+dimer
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Allylpalladium(II)+chloride+dimer
Catalog Number:
(10349-660)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Key transcriptional regulator of type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses which plays a critical role in the innate immune response against DNA and RNA viruses. Regulates the transcription of type I IFN genes (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) by binding to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. Acts as a more potent activator of the IFN-beta (IFNB) gene than the IFN-alpha (IFNA) gene and plays a critical role in both the early and late phases of the IFNA/B gene induction. Found in an inactive form in the cytoplasm of uninfected cells and following viral infection, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), or toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, is phosphorylated by IKBKE and TBK1 kinases. This induces a conformational change, leading to its dimerization and nuclear localization and association with CREB binding protein (CREBBP) to form dsRNA-activated factor 1 (DRAF1), a complex which activates the transcription of the type I IFN and ISG genes. Can activate distinct gene expression programs in macrophages and can induce significant apoptosis in primary macrophages.
Supplier:
Biotium
Description:
This antibody recognizes an oncofetal glycoprotein with a single chain of 70 kDa, which is identified as alpha fetoprotein (AFP). This MAb is highly specific to AFP and shows no cross-reaction with other oncofetal antigens or serum albumin. The yolk sac and the liver produce AFP during fetal life. AFP expression in adults is often associated with hepatoma or teratoma. However, hereditary persistence of alpha-fetoprotein may also be found in individuals with no obvious pathology. The protein is thought to be the fetal counterpart of serum albumin, and the AFP and albumin genes are present in tandem in the same transcriptional orientation on chromosome 4. AFP is found in monomeric as well as dimeric and trimeric forms, and binds copper, nickel, fatty acids and bilirubin. The level of AFP in amniotic fluid is used to measure renal loss of protein to screen for spinal bifida and anencephaly.
CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®647 is a far-red fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 650/665 nm) with excellent brightness. It also is compatible with super-resolution imaging by STORM.
Catalog Number:
(10269-022)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain was identified as a 270 amino acid motif that mediates associations between various PAS family transcription factors. Several PAS domain family members have been identified including AhR, Arnt 1, and single-minded proteins (SIM1 and SIM2). The aromatic (aryl) hydrocarbon receptor, AhR, is a ligand dependent transcription factor that interacts with specific DNA sequences termed xenobiotic responsive elements (XREs) to activate several genes including CYP1A1, glutathione S-transferase Ya subunit and DT-diaphorase. The Ah receptor nuclear translocator protein 1 (Arnt 1) is required for ligand- dependent nuclear translocation of the Ah receptor and is also necessary for Ah receptor binding to the XRE element. Both SIM1 and SIM2 inhibit AhR/Arnt dimerization, thus inhibiting transcriptional activation. The SIM genes are thought to be involved in the directing and regionalization of tissues during development and the SIM2 gene, which is located on chromosome 21, is a candidate for the gene responsible for Down syndrome.
Catalog Number:
(10251-740)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
DNA damage or incomplete replication of DNA results in the inhibition of cell cycle progression at the G1 to S or the G2 to M phase transition by conserved regulatory mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints. Checkpoint proteins include Rad17, which is involved in regulating cell cycle progression at the G1 checkpoint as well as Chk1, Chk2, Rad1, Rad9 and Hus1, which are involved in regulating cell cycle arrest at the G2 checkpoint. In response to DNA damage, ATM and ATR kinases are important for cell cycle checkpoint response signalling. ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP), also designated ATM and Rad3-related-interacting protein, is required for checkpoint signaling after DNA damage. It is also important for ATR expression, which regulates DNA replication and damage checkpoint responses. ATRIP is a ubiquitously expressed protein that can form heterodimers with ATR. After dimerization they bind the RPA complex and are recruited to single stranded DNA. ATRIP is a nuclear protein that may also play a role in protein stabilization.
Catalog Number:
(10410-294)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding growth factor GAS6 and which is thus regulating many physiological processes including cell survival, cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Ligand binding at the cell surface induces dimerization and autophosphorylation of AXL. Following activation by ligand, ALX binds and induces tyrosine phosphorylation of PI3-kinase subunits PIK3R1, PIK3R2 and PIK3R3; but also GRB2, PLCG1, LCK and PTPN11. Other downstream substrate candidates for AXL are CBL, NCK2, SOCS1 and TENC1. Recruitment of GRB2 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase regulatory subunits by AXL leads to the downstream activation of the AKT kinase. GAS6/AXL signaling plays a role in various processes such as endothelial cell survival during acidification by preventing apoptosis, optimal cytokine signaling during human natural killer cell development, hepatic regeneration, gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron survival and migration, platelet activation, or regulation of thrombotic responses. Plays also an important role in inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune response. In case of filovirus infection, seems to function as a cell entry factor.
Catalog Number:
(10410-302)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding growth factor GAS6 and which is thus regulating many physiological processes including cell survival, cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Ligand binding at the cell surface induces dimerization and autophosphorylation of AXL. Following activation by ligand, ALX binds and induces tyrosine phosphorylation of PI3-kinase subunits PIK3R1, PIK3R2 and PIK3R3; but also GRB2, PLCG1, LCK and PTPN11. Other downstream substrate candidates for AXL are CBL, NCK2, SOCS1 and TENC1. Recruitment of GRB2 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase regulatory subunits by AXL leads to the downstream activation of the AKT kinase. GAS6/AXL signaling plays a role in various processes such as endothelial cell survival during acidification by preventing apoptosis, optimal cytokine signaling during human natural killer cell development, hepatic regeneration, gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron survival and migration, platelet activation, or regulation of thrombotic responses. Plays also an important role in inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune response. In case of filovirus infection, seems to function as a cell entry factor.
Catalog Number:
(10390-886)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive kinase holoenzyme is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits have been identified in humans. This gene encodes one of the regulatory subunits. This protein was found to be a tissue-specific extinguisher that down-regulates the expression of seven liver genes in hepatoma x fibroblast hybrids. Mutations in this gene cause Carney complex (CNC). This gene can fuse to the RET protooncogene by gene rearrangement and form the thyroid tumor-specific chimeric oncogene known as PTC2. A nonconventional nuclear localization sequence (NLS) has been found for this protein which suggests a role in DNA replication via the protein serving as a nuclear transport protein for the second subunit of the Replication Factor C (RFC40). Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
Catalog Number:
(75932-192)
Supplier:
Rockland Immunochemical
Description:
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) belongs to a family of cytoplasmic transcription factors that can be activated by phosphorylation by its cell surface receptor. Stat3 plays a key role in many cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. It also mediates cellular responses to interleukins, KITLG/SCF,EGF, IFN-alpha and other growth factors and may mediate cellular responses to activated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Stat3 forms a homodimer or a heterodimer with a related family member (e.g. STAT1). Activation occurs through phosphorylation of tyrosine 705 and serine 727. Phosphorylation of Stat3 at Tyr705 induces Stat3 dimerization and nuclear translocation. Serine phosphorylation is important for stable DNA-binding of Stat3 homodimers and maximal transcriptional activity. Stat3 can have a dual role in cancer, it has been found that Stat3 protein can promote oncogenesis and have a tumor suppressor role depending upon the mutational background of the tumor.
Catalog Number:
(76194-596)
Supplier:
Prosci
Description:
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exists on the cell surface and is activated by binding of its specific ligands, including epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha. Upon activation by its growth factor ligands, EGFR undergoes a transition from an inactive monomeric form to an active homodimer. In addition to forming homodimers after ligand binding, EGFR may pair with another member of the ErbB receptor family, such as ErbB2/Her2/neu, to create an activated heterodimer. EGFR dimerization stimulates its intrinsic intracellular protein-tyrosine kinase activity. As a result, autophosphorylation of several tyrosine (Y) residues in the C-terminal domain of EGFR occurs. This autophosphorylation elicits downstream activation and signaling by several other proteins that associate with the phosphorylated tyrosines through their own phosphotyrosine-binding SH2 domains. These downstream signaling proteins initiate several signal transduction cascades, principally the MAPK, Akt and JNK pathways, leading to DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. [Wiki]
Catalog Number:
(75932-194)
Supplier:
Rockland Immunochemical
Description:
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) belongs to a family of cytoplasmic transcription factors that can be activated by phosphorylation by its cell surface receptor. Stat3 plays a key role in many cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. It also mediates cellular responses to interleukins, KITLG/SCF,EGF, IFN-alpha and other growth factors and may mediate cellular responses to activated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Stat3 forms a homodimer or a heterodimer with a related family member (e.g. STAT1). Activation occurs through phosphorylation of tyrosine 705 and serine 727. Phosphorylation of Stat3 at Tyr705 induces Stat3 dimerization and nuclear translocation. Serine phosphorylation is important for stable DNA-binding of Stat3 homodimers and maximal transcriptional activity. Stat3 can have a dual role in cancer, it has been found that Stat3 protein can promote oncogenesis and have a tumor suppressor role depending upon the mutational background of the tumor.
Supplier:
Biotium
Description:
Estrogen receptors (ER) are members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Estrogen receptors, including ER-alpha and ER-beta, contain DNA binding and ligand binding domains and are critically involved in regulating the normal function of reproductive tissues. They are located in the nucleus, though some estrogen receptors associate with the cell surface membrane and can be rapidly activated by exposure of cells to estrogen. ER-alpha and ER-beta are differentially activated by various ligands. Receptor-ligand interactions trigger a cascade of events, including dissociation from heat shock proteins, receptor dimerization, phosphorylation and the association of the hormone activated receptor with specific regulatory elements in target genes. Evidence suggests that ER-alpha and ER-beta may be regulated by distinct mechanisms even though they share many functional characteristics.
CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®647 is a far-red fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 650/665 nm) with excellent brightness. It also is compatible with super-resolution imaging by STORM.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
TGF-β family members are key modulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, matrix synthesis, and apoptosis. As implied by their name, BMPs initiate, promote, and regulate the development, growth, and remodeling of bone and cartilage. In addition to this role, BMPs are also involved in prenatal development and postnatal growth, remodeling, and maintenance of a variety of other tissues and organs. Increasing evidence indicates that BMP-Smad signaling has a tumor suppressing activity, and that BMPs can inhibit tumor growth. BMP-6 is abnormally expressed in breast cancer cell lines, however, its function in promoting breast cancer development is unknown. The mature and functional form of BMP-6 is a homodimer of two identical 139 amino acid polypeptide chains linked by a single disulfide bond. Each monomer is expressed as the C-terminal part of a precursor polypeptide, which contains a 20 amino acid signal peptide and a 354 amino acid propeptide. This precursor undergoes intracellular dimerization, and upon secretion it is processed by a furin-type protease. Recombinant Human BMP-6 is a 26.2 kDa homodimeric glycoprotein consisting of two 117 amino acid subunits, which correspond to amino acid residues 397 to 513 of the full-length BMP-6 precursor.
Catalog Number:
(103285-314)
Supplier:
Novus Biologicals
Description:
The MGA Antibody from Novus Biologicals is a rabbit polyclonal antibody to MGA. This antibody reacts with human. The MGA Antibody has been validated for the following applications: Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry / Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin.
Catalog Number:
(10798-218)
Supplier:
Prosci
Description:
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt-3 Ligand) is also known as FL, Flt3L and FLT3LG, is an ?-helical cytokine that promotes the differentiation of multiple hematopoietic cell lineages. FLT3LG is expressed as a noncovalentlylinked dimer by T cells and bone marrow and thymic fibroblasts. Each 36 kDa chain carries approximately 12 kDa of N- and O- linked carbohydrates. FLT3LG is structurally homologous to stem cell factor (SCF) and colony stimulating facor 1 (CSF-1). FLT3LG acts as a growth factor that increases the number of immune cells by activating the hematopoietic progenitors. It also induces the mobilization of the hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells in vivo which may help the system to kill cancer cells. FLT3LG induces the expansion of monocytes and immature dendritic cells as well as early B cell lineage differentiation. FLT3LG cooperates with IL2, IL6, IL7, and IL15 to induce NK cell development and with IL3, IL7 and IL11 to induce terminal B cell maturation. Animal studies also show FLT3LG to reduce the severity of experimentally induced allergic inflammation. FLT3LG is crucial for steady-state pDC and cDC development. A lack of FLT3L results in low levels of DCs.
Catalog Number:
(89361-686)
Supplier:
Genetex
Description:
Binding of scatter factor (SF)/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to the c Met receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) triggers receptor dimerization and phosphorylation on multiple residues within the juxtamembrane, catalytic core and cytoplasmic tail domains, thereby regulating receptor internalization, catalytic activity and multisubstrate docking. c Met contains three tyrosines (Tyr-xx- x-Tyr-Tyr motif) within the activation loop of the catalytic domain. This is also seen with the insulin receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) and nerve growth factor (NGF) receptors/Trks, for which phosphorylation of all three tyrosines is required for full activation. With c Met (and the related family member, RON) phosphorylation of Tyr1234 and Tyr1235 have been shown to be important in receptor activation. Activation of the c Met receptor results in binding and/or phosphorylation of many intracellular signaling proteins including multiple adaptor proteins (e.g., Grb2, Shc, Cbl, Crk, cortactin, paxillin, and GAB1), and a variety of other signal transducers (e.g., PI 3-kinase, FAK, Src, ERK1&2, JNK1&2, PLC gamma, and STAT3). Tyr1003 is a negative regulatory phosphorylation site of c Met.
Catalog Number:
(10287-418)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Crystallins are the major proteins of the vertebrate eye lens, where they maintain the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Crystallins are divided into a, b, and g families, and the b- and g-crystallins also comprise a superfamily. Crystallins usually contain seven distinctive protein regions, including four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. b-crystallins constitute the major lens structural proteins. They associate into dimers, tetramers, and higher order aggregates. The b-crystallin subfamily is composed of several gene products, including bA1-, bA2-, bA3-, bA4-, bB1-, bB2- and bB3-crystallin. The bA1- and bA3-crystallin proteins are encoded by a single mRNA. They differ by only 17 amino acids, and bA1-crystallin is generated by use of an alternate translation initiation site. The genes for bA4-, bB1-, bB2- and bB3-crystallin are clustered on human chromosome 22q11, while the genes for bA3/A1- and bA2-crystallin map to human chromosomes 17q11 and 2q34, respectively.
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