3,5-Dihydroxytoluene+monohydrate
Catalog Number:
(89360-490)
Supplier:
Genetex
Description:
Four distinct colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) that promote survival, proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow precursor cells have been well characterized: granulocyte macrophage CSF (GMCSF), granulocyte CSF (GCSF), macrophage CSF (MCSF), and Interleukin-3 (IL-3, Multi CSF). Both GMCSF and IL-3 are multipotential growth factors, stimulating proliferation of progenitor cells from more than one hematopoietic lineage. In contrast, GCSF and MCSF are lineage restricted hematopoietic growth factors, stimulating final mitotic divisions and the terminal cellular maturation of the partially differentiated hematopoietic progenitors. Macrophage CSF, also known as CSF1, is produced by monocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. It stimulates the formation of macrophage colonies, enhances antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity by monocytes and macrophages, and inhibits bone resorption by osetoclasts. Natural human MCSF is a dimeric glycoprotein of 70-90 kD molecular weight, existing in multiple glycosylation forms. It binds to a 165 kD glycoprotein of the receptor tyrosine kinase subclass III, a family that includes the receptors for platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and stem cell factor (SCF).
Catalog Number:
(89360-504)
Supplier:
Genetex
Description:
Four distinct colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) that promote survival, proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow precursor cells have been well characterized: granulocyte macrophage CSF (GMCSF), granulocyte CSF (GCSF), macrophage CSF (MCSF), and Interleukin-3 (IL-3, Multi CSF). Both GMCSF and IL-3 are multipotential growth factors, stimulating proliferation of progenitor cells from more than one hematopoietic lineage. In contrast, GCSF and MCSF are lineage restricted hematopoietic growth factors, stimulating final mitotic divisions and the terminal cellular maturation of the partially differentiated hematopoietic progenitors. Macrophage CSF, also known as CSF1, is produced by monocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. It stimulates the formation of macrophage colonies, enhances antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity by monocytes and macrophages, and inhibits bone resorption by osetoclasts. Natural human MCSF is a dimeric glycoprotein of 70-90 kD molecular weight, existing in multiple glycosylation forms. It binds to a 165 kD glycoprotein of the receptor tyrosine kinase subclass III, a family that includes the receptors for platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and stem cell factor (SCF).
Catalog Number:
(10072-676)
Supplier:
Prosci
Description:
The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family of heparin-binding growth factors consists of five known members, denoted PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, PDGF-AB, PDGF-CC and PDGF-DD. The mature and active form of these proteins, an anti-parallel disulfide-linked dimer of two 12-14 kDa polypeptide chains, is obtained through proteolytic processing of biologically inactive precursor proteins, which contain an N-terminal CUB domain and a PDGF/VEGF homologous domain. The PDGFs interact with two related protein tyrosine kinase receptors, PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β, and are potent mitogens for a variety of cell types, including smooth muscle cells, connective tissue cells, bone and cartilage cells, and certain tumor cells. They play an important role in a number of biological processes, including hyperplasia, chemotaxis, embryonic neuron development, and respiratory tubules epithelial cell development. Mature PDGFs are stored in platelet α-granules and are released upon platelet activation. PDGF-AA, -AB, -BB and -CC signal primarily through the PDGF-Rα receptor, whereas PDGF-DD interacts almost exclusively with the PDGF-Rβ receptor. Recombinant human PDGF-CC is a 25kDa protein consisting of two identical disulfide-linked 114 amino-acid polypeptide chains.
Catalog Number:
(76083-198)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Key transcriptional regulator of type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses which plays a critical role in the innate immune response against DNA and RNA viruses. Regulates the transcription of type I IFN genes (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) by binding to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. Acts as a more potent activator of the IFN-beta (IFNB) gene than the IFN-alpha (IFNA) gene and plays a critical role in both the early and late phases of the IFNA/B gene induction. Found in an inactive form in the cytoplasm of uninfected cells and following viral infection, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), or toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, is phosphorylated by IKBKE and TBK1 kinases. This induces a conformational change, leading to its dimerization and nuclear localization and association with CREB binding protein (CREBBP) to form dsRNA-activated factor 1 (DRAF1), a complex which activates the transcription of the type I IFN and ISG genes. Can activate distinct gene expression programs in macrophages and can induce significant apoptosis in primary macrophages.
Catalog Number:
(76082-896)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in various processes such as cell growth, development, or differentiation. Mediates essential signaling events in both innate and adaptive immunity and plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis during T-cells development. In the cytoplasm, plays a pivotal role in signal transduction via its association with type I receptors sharing the common subunit gamma such as IL2R, IL4R, IL7R, IL9R, IL15R and IL21R. Following ligand binding to cell surface receptors, phosphorylates specific tyrosine residues on the cytoplasmic tails of the receptor, creating docking sites for STATs proteins. Subsequently, phosphorylates the STATs proteins once they are recruited to the receptor. Phosphorylated STATs then form homodimer or heterodimers and translocate to the nucleus to activate gene transcription. For example, upon IL2R activation by IL2, JAK1 and JAK3 molecules bind to IL2R beta (IL2RB) and gamma chain (IL2RG) subunits inducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of both receptor subunits on their cytoplasmic domain. Then, STAT5A AND STAT5B are recruited, phosphorylated and activated by JAK1 and JAK3. Once activated, dimerized STAT5 translocates to the nucleus and promotes the transcription of specific target genes in a cytokine-specific fashion.
Catalog Number:
(10269-024)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain was identified as a 270 amino acid motif that mediates associations between various PAS family transcription factors. Several PAS domain family members have been identified including AhR, Arnt 1, and single-minded proteins (SIM1 and SIM2). The aromatic (aryl) hydrocarbon receptor, AhR, is a ligand dependent transcription factor that interacts with specific DNA sequences termed xenobiotic responsive elements (XREs) to activate several genes including CYP1A1, glutathione S-transferase Ya subunit and DT-diaphorase. The Ah receptor nuclear translocator protein 1 (Arnt 1) is required for ligand- dependent nuclear translocation of the Ah receptor and is also necessary for Ah receptor binding to the XRE element. Both SIM1 and SIM2 inhibit AhR/Arnt dimerization, thus inhibiting transcriptional activation. The SIM genes are thought to be involved in the directing and regionalization of tissues during development and the SIM2 gene, which is located on chromosome 21, is a candidate for the gene responsible for Down syndrome.
Catalog Number:
(10251-548)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
DNA damage or incomplete replication of DNA results in the inhibition of cell cycle progression at the G1 to S or the G2 to M phase transition by conserved regulatory mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints. Checkpoint proteins include Rad17, which is involved in regulating cell cycle progression at the G1 checkpoint as well as Chk1, Chk2, Rad1, Rad9 and Hus1, which are involved in regulating cell cycle arrest at the G2 checkpoint. In response to DNA damage, ATM and ATR kinases are important for cell cycle checkpoint response signalling. ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP), also designated ATM and Rad3-related-interacting protein, is required for checkpoint signaling after DNA damage. It is also important for ATR expression, which regulates DNA replication and damage checkpoint responses. ATRIP is a ubiquitously expressed protein that can form heterodimers with ATR. After dimerization they bind the RPA complex and are recruited to single stranded DNA. ATRIP is a nuclear protein that may also play a role in protein stabilization.
Catalog Number:
(10389-482)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme involved in the defense system against reactive oxygen species (ROS). SOD catalyzes the dismutation reaction of superoxide radical anion (O2-) to hydrogen peroxide, which is then catalyzed to innocuous O2 and H2O by glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Several classes of SOD have been identified. These include intracellular copper, zinc SOD (Cu, Zn-SOD/SOD-1), mitochondrial manganese SOD (Mn-SOD/SOD-2) and extracellular Cu, Zn-SOD (EC-SOD/SOD-3). SOD1 is found in all eukaryotic species as a homodimeric 32 kDa enzyme containing one each of Cu and Zn ion per subunit. The manganese containing 80 kDa tetrameric enzyme SOD2, is located in the mitochondrial matrix in close proximity to a primary endogenous source of superoxide, the mitochondrial respiratory chain. SOD3 is a heparin-binding multimer of disulfide-linked dimers, primarily expressed in human lungs, vessel walls and airways. SOD4 is a copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS), which specifically delivers Cu to copper/zinc superoxide dismutase. CCS may activate copper/zinc superoxide dismutase through direct insertion of the Cu cofactor.
Catalog Number:
(10389-494)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme involved in the defense system against reactive oxygen species (ROS). SOD catalyzes the dismutation reaction of superoxide radical anion (O2-) to hydrogen peroxide, which is then catalyzed to innocuous O2 and H2O by glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Several classes of SOD have been identified. These include intracellular copper, zinc SOD (Cu, Zn-SOD/SOD-1), mitochondrial manganese SOD (Mn-SOD/SOD-2) and extracellular Cu, Zn-SOD (EC-SOD/SOD-3). SOD1 is found in all eukaryotic species as a homodimeric 32 kDa enzyme containing one each of Cu and Zn ion per subunit. The manganese containing 80 kDa tetrameric enzyme SOD2, is located in the mitochondrial matrix in close proximity to a primary endogenous source of superoxide, the mitochondrial respiratory chain. SOD3 is a heparin-binding multimer of disulfide-linked dimers, primarily expressed in human lungs, vessel walls and airways. SOD4 is a copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS), which specifically delivers Cu to copper/zinc superoxide dismutase. CCS may activate copper/zinc superoxide dismutase through direct insertion of the Cu cofactor.
Supplier:
Biotium
Description:
CD309, also known as VEGFR2, KDR3, and Flk-1 (mouse), is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein. It is a member of the CSF-1/PDGF receptor family of type III tyrosine kinase receptors. Human VEGFR2 is mainly expressed by endothelial cells, embryonic tissues, and megakaryocytes. It plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and vascular permeability. The ligands of VEGFR2 include VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGF splice isoforms. Ligation of VEGFR2 with its ligands results in the receptor dimerization and auto-phosphorylation, stimulating endothelial cell proliferation and migration.
CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®405S is a blue fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 404/431 nm) with superior brightness compared to other blue dyes; it is also compatible with super-resolution imaging by SIM. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Catalog Number:
(10251-718)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
DNA damage or incomplete replication of DNA results in the inhibition of cell cycle progression at the G1 to S or the G2 to M phase transition by conserved regulatory mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints. Checkpoint proteins include Rad17, which is involved in regulating cell cycle progression at the G1 checkpoint as well as Chk1, Chk2, Rad1, Rad9 and Hus1, which are involved in regulating cell cycle arrest at the G2 checkpoint. In response to DNA damage, ATM and ATR kinases are important for cell cycle checkpoint response signalling. ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP), also designated ATM and Rad3-related-interacting protein, is required for checkpoint signaling after DNA damage. It is also important for ATR expression, which regulates DNA replication and damage checkpoint responses. ATRIP is a ubiquitously expressed protein that can form heterodimers with ATR. After dimerization they bind the RPA complex and are recruited to single stranded DNA. ATRIP is a nuclear protein that may also play a role in protein stabilization.
Catalog Number:
(10269-026)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain was identified as a 270 amino acid motif that mediates associations between various PAS family transcription factors. Several PAS domain family members have been identified including AhR, Arnt 1, and single-minded proteins (SIM1 and SIM2). The aromatic (aryl) hydrocarbon receptor, AhR, is a ligand dependent transcription factor that interacts with specific DNA sequences termed xenobiotic responsive elements (XREs) to activate several genes including CYP1A1, glutathione S-transferase Ya subunit and DT-diaphorase. The Ah receptor nuclear translocator protein 1 (Arnt 1) is required for ligand- dependent nuclear translocation of the Ah receptor and is also necessary for Ah receptor binding to the XRE element. Both SIM1 and SIM2 inhibit AhR/Arnt dimerization, thus inhibiting transcriptional activation. The SIM genes are thought to be involved in the directing and regionalization of tissues during development and the SIM2 gene, which is located on chromosome 21, is a candidate for the gene responsible for Down syndrome.
Catalog Number:
(10251-752)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
DNA damage or incomplete replication of DNA results in the inhibition of cell cycle progression at the G1 to S or the G2 to M phase transition by conserved regulatory mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints. Checkpoint proteins include Rad17, which is involved in regulating cell cycle progression at the G1 checkpoint as well as Chk1, Chk2, Rad1, Rad9 and Hus1, which are involved in regulating cell cycle arrest at the G2 checkpoint. In response to DNA damage, ATM and ATR kinases are important for cell cycle checkpoint response signalling. ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP), also designated ATM and Rad3-related-interacting protein, is required for checkpoint signaling after DNA damage. It is also important for ATR expression, which regulates DNA replication and damage checkpoint responses. ATRIP is a ubiquitously expressed protein that can form heterodimers with ATR. After dimerization they bind the RPA complex and are recruited to single stranded DNA. ATRIP is a nuclear protein that may also play a role in protein stabilization.
Catalog Number:
(10306-000)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Transcriptional activator required for lipid homeostasis. Regulates transcription of the LDL receptor gene as well as the fatty acid and to a lesser degree the cholesterol synthesis pathway. Binds to the sterol regulatory element 1 (SRE-1) (5'-ATCACCCCAC-3'). Has dual sequence specificity binding to both an E-box motif (5'-ATCACGTGA-3') and to SRE-1 (5'-ATCACCCCAC-3'). Isoform SREBP-1A is much more active than isoform SREBP-1C in stimulating transcription from SRE-1-containing promoters. [SUBUNIT] Forms a tight complex with SCAP in the ER membrane. Efficient DNA binding of the soluble transcription factor fragment requires dimerization with another bHLH protein. Interacts with LMNA. [SUBCELLULAR LOCATION] Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPII-coated vesicle membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Note=Moves from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi in the absence of sterols. [SUBCELLULAR LOCATION] Processed sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1: Nucleus. Belongs to the SREBP family.
Catalog Number:
(76083-642)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Key transcriptional regulator of type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses which plays a critical role in the innate immune response against DNA and RNA viruses. Regulates the transcription of type I IFN genes (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) by binding to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. Acts as a more potent activator of the IFN-beta (IFNB) gene than the IFN-alpha (IFNA) gene and plays a critical role in both the early and late phases of the IFNA/B gene induction. Found in an inactive form in the cytoplasm of uninfected cells and following viral infection, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), or toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, is phosphorylated by IKBKE and TBK1 kinases. This induces a conformational change, leading to its dimerization and nuclear localization and association with CREB binding protein (CREBBP) to form dsRNA-activated factor 1 (DRAF1), a complex which activates the transcription of the type I IFN and ISG genes. Can activate distinct gene expression programs in macrophages and can induce significant apoptosis in primary macrophages.
Catalog Number:
(BDH7921-1)
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