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3-(Methyl(pentyl)amino)propanoic+acid+hydrochloride
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3-(Methyl(pentyl)amino)propanoic+acid+hydrochloride
Catalog Number:
(10407-316)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the carnitine/choline acetyltransferase family, is the rate-controlling enzyme of the long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in muscle mitochondria. This enzyme is required for the net transport of long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, and read-through transcripts are expressed from the upstream locus that include exons from this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009].
Catalog Number:
(10342-316)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen. Participates in the bioactivation of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Catalizes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin.
Catalog Number:
(10330-970)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Involved in oxygen transport in the brain. Hexacoordinate globin, displaying competitive binding of oxygen or the distal His residue to the iron atom. Not capable of penetrating cell membranes. The deoxygenated form exhibits nitrite reductase activity inhibiting cellular respiration via NO-binding to cytochrome c oxidase. Involved in neuroprotection during oxidative stress. May exert its anti-apoptotic activity by acting to reset the trigger level of mitochondrial cytochrome c release necessary to commit the cells to apoptosis.
Catalog Number:
(77439-956)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
This gene is a member of the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. It encodes a mitochondrial protein that forms a homotetramer and binds one manganese ion per subunit. This protein binds to the superoxide byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation and converts them to hydrogen peroxide and diatomic oxygen. Mutations in this gene have been associated with idiopathic cardiomyopathy (IDC), premature aging, sporadic motor neuron disease, and cancer. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
Catalog Number:
(10752-180)
Supplier:
Prosci
Description:
ME2 is a homotetrameric, mitochondrial NAD-dependent malic enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate. It is related to malic enzyme 1 (ME1), a cytoplasmic NADP-dependent enzyme that generates NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis. The expression of both malic enzymes is reciprocally regulated by p53; this regulation has been shown to modulate metabolism and senescence. Certain single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes of the ME2 gene have been shown to increase the risk for idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
Catalog Number:
(76009-980)
Supplier:
Prosci
Description:
Mediates the hydrolysis of some nucleoside diphosphate derivatives. Can degrade 8-oxo-dGTP in vitro, suggesting that it may remove an oxidatively damaged form of guanine (7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine) from DNA and the nucleotide pool, thereby preventing misincorporation of 8-oxo-dGTP into DNA thus preventing A:T to C:G transversions. Its substrate specificity in vivo however remains unclear (By similarity). May have a role in DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression throught the interaction with PCNA.
Supplier:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is produced by a wide variety of cell types, including tumor and vascular cells. VEGF-A is a mediator of vascular growth, vascular permeability, and plays a role in stimulating vasodilation via nitric oxide-dependent pathways. VEGF-A has several alternatively spliced isoforms, with VEGF-165 being the most abundant. The VEGF-165 isoform is a secreted protein that acts on receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 to modulate endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
Catalog Number:
(75929-920)
Supplier:
Rockland Immunochemical
Description:
ME2 is a homotetrameric, mitochondrial NAD-dependent malic enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate (1). It is related to malic enzyme 1 (ME1), a cytoplasmic NADP-dependent enzyme that generates NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis (2). The expression of both malic enzymes is reciprocally regulated by p53; this regulation has been shown to modulate metabolism and senescence (3). Certain single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes of the ME2 gene have been shown to increase the risk for idiopathic generalized epilepsy (4).
Catalog Number:
(10300-334)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Guanylate cyclases belong to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family. There are two forms of guanylate cyclase. The soluble forms, known as GCS or sGC, act as receptors for nitric oxide. The membrane-bound receptor forms, known as GC, are peptide hormone receptors. GCS, a cGMP-synthesizing enzyme, is the major receptor for the neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO). It plays a crucial role in smooth muscle contractility, platelet reactivity and neurotransmission. GCS is a heme containing heterodimer, consisting of one alpha subunit, designated GCS-alpha-1, and one beta subunit. The heme moeity mediates NO activation, and this heme group also binds carbon monoxide, which weakly stimulates the enzyme. Both NO and CO stimulation are enhanced by the allosteric activator 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'furyl)-benzyl-indazole, YC-1. YC-1 can also stimulate GCS in a NO-independent manner. Both the alpha and beta subunits are required for cGMP generation, and at least two isoforms exist for each subunit. Heterodimers consisting of alpha-1/beta-1 and alpha-2/beta-1 have been identified, and both display similar enzymatic activity.
Catalog Number:
(10407-310)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the carnitine/choline acetyltransferase family, is the rate-controlling enzyme of the long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in muscle mitochondria. This enzyme is required for the net transport of long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, and read-through transcripts are expressed from the upstream locus that include exons from this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009].
Catalog Number:
(76085-088)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Catalyzes the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis in adipocyte and non-adipocyte lipid droplets. Also has acylglycerol transacylase activity. May act coordinately with LIPE/HLS within the lipolytic cascade. Regulates adiposome size and may be involved in the degradation of adiposomes. May play an important role in energy homeostasis. May play a role in the response of the organism to starvation, enhancing hydrolysis of triglycerides and providing free fatty acids to other tissues to be oxidized in situations of energy depletion.
Catalog Number:
(10330-972)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Involved in oxygen transport in the brain. Hexacoordinate globin, displaying competitive binding of oxygen or the distal His residue to the iron atom. Not capable of penetrating cell membranes. The deoxygenated form exhibits nitrite reductase activity inhibiting cellular respiration via NO-binding to cytochrome c oxidase. Involved in neuroprotection during oxidative stress. May exert its anti-apoptotic activity by acting to reset the trigger level of mitochondrial cytochrome c release necessary to commit the cells to apoptosis.
Catalog Number:
(76082-794)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
FOXO1 is a transcription factor that is the main target of insulin signaling and regulates metabolic homeostasis in response to oxidative stress. Binds to the insulin response element (IRE) with consensus sequence 5'-TT[G/A]TTTTG-3' and the related Daf-16 family binding element (DBE) with consensus sequence 5'-TT[G/A]TTTAC-3'. Activity suppressed by insulin. Main regulator of redox balance and osteoblast numbers and controls bone mass. Orchestrates the endocrine function of the skeleton in regulating glucose metabolism. Acts synergistically with ATF4 to suppress osteocalcin/BGLAP activity, increasing glucose levels and triggering glucose intolerance and insulin insensitivity. Also suppresses the transcriptional activity of RUNX2, an upstream activator of osteocalcin/BGLAP. In hepatocytes, promotes gluconeogenesis by acting together with PPARGC1A and CEBPA to activate the expression of genes such as IGFBP1, G6PC and PCK1. Important regulator of cell death acting downstream of CDK1, PKB/AKT1 and STK4/MST1. Promotes neural cell death. Mediates insulin action on adipose tissue. Regulates the expression of adipogenic genes such as PPARG during preadipocyte differentiation and, adipocyte size and adipose tissue-specific gene expression in response to excessive calorie intake. Regulates the transcriptional activity of GADD45A and repair of nitric oxide-damaged DNA in beta-cells. Required for the autophagic cell death induction in response to starvation or oxidative stress in a transcription-independent manner.
FOXO4 is a forkhead transcription factor involved in the regulation of the insulin signaling pathway. It binds to insulin-response elements (IREs) and can activate transcription of IGFBP1. FOXO4 down-regulates expression of HIF1A and suppresses hypoxia-induced transcriptional activation of HIF1A-modulated genes. It is also involved in negative regulation of the cell cycle.
Catalog Number:
(10070-010)
Supplier:
Prosci
Description:
FUNCTION: May play an important role in CKII- and p60c-src-induced signal transduction cascades (By similarity).
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate. PTM: Oxidized on Cys-215; the Cys-SOH formed in response to redox signaling reacts with the beta-amido of the following residue to form a 4-amino-3-isothiazolidinone serine cross-link, triggering a conformational change that inhibits substrate binding and activity. The active site can be restored by reduction.
Catalog Number:
(76100-040)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
HIBADH is a 336 amino acid mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the NAD+-dependent, reversible oxidization of 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate to methylmalonate semialdehyde, an intermediate of valine catabolism. The enzyme functions as a homodimer between a pH of 7.0 and 10.0, with optimal activity between 8.8 and 9.0. It was previously hypothesized that defects in the gene encoding HIBADH may be the cause of 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria, a rare disorder that is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations such as neurodevelopmental problems and dysmorphic features. However, it was shown that HIBADH activity was equal in patients with 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria as compared with controls.
Catalog Number:
(76100-038)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
HIBADH is a 336 amino acid mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the NAD+-dependent, reversible oxidization of 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate to methylmalonate semialdehyde, an intermediate of valine catabolism. The enzyme functions as a homodimer between a pH of 7.0 and 10.0, with optimal activity between 8.8 and 9.0. It was previously hypothesized that defects in the gene encoding HIBADH may be the cause of 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria, a rare disorder that is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations such as neurodevelopmental problems and dysmorphic features. However, it was shown that HIBADH activity was equal in patients with 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria as compared with controls.
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