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Pentafluorophenyl+isothiocyanate
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Pentafluorophenyl+isothiocyanate
Catalog Number:
(10277-144)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The proteasome represents a large protein complex that exists inside all eukaryotes and archaea, and in some bacteria. The main function of proteasomes is to degrade unnecessary or damaged proteins by proteolysis. The most common form of the proteasome, known as the 26S Proteasome, contains one 20S Proteasome core particle structure and two 19S regulatory caps. The 20S Proteasome core is hollow and forms an enclosed cavity, where proteins are degraded, as well as openings at the two ends to allow the target protein to enter. The 20S Proteasome core particle contains many subunits, depending on the organism. All of the subunits fall into one of two types: alpha subunits, which are structural, serve as docking domains for the regulatory particles and exterior gates blocking unregulated access to the interior cavity; or beta subunits, which are predominantly catalytic. The outer two rings in the proteasome consist of seven ?subunits each, and the inner two rings each consist of seven beta subunits.
Catalog Number:
(10267-622)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are an evolutionarily conserved family of widely-expressed proteins that use ATP hydrolysis to catalyze the transport of various molecules across extracellular and intracellular membranes. As the largest family of transmembrane proteins, ABC genes comprise several subfamilies (ABC1, ABCA, ABCE, ABCF, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20 and White (also known as ABCG)). In bacteria, ABC transporters are used to import compunds that cannot be obtained by diffusion. Eukaryotic ABC transporters are largely responsible for trafficking hydrophobic compounds either within the cell as part of a metabolic process or outside the cell for transport to other organs, or for secretion from the body. ABCB9 (also designated Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-like or TAPL) forms a homodimer, which is localized in lysosomes. It functions as an ATP-dependent peptide transporter that shows a broad peptide specificity ranging from 6-mer up to 59-mer peptides. ABCB9 transports these peptides with low affinity but high efficiency.
Catalog Number:
(10268-740)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain was identified as a 270 amino acid motif that mediates associations between various PAS family transcription factors. Several PAS domain family members have been identified including AhR, Arnt 1, and single-minded proteins (SIM1 and SIM2). The aromatic (aryl) hydrocarbon receptor, AhR, is a ligand dependent transcription factor that interacts with specific DNA sequences termed xenobiotic responsive elements (XREs) to activate several genes including CYP1A1, glutathione S-transferase Ya subunit and DT-diaphorase. The Ah receptor nuclear translocator protein 1 (Arnt 1) is required for ligand- dependent nuclear translocation of the Ah receptor and is also necessary for Ah receptor binding to the XRE element. Both SIM1 and SIM2 inhibit AhR/Arnt dimerization, thus inhibiting transcriptional activation. The SIM genes are thought to be involved in the directing and regionalization of tissues during development and the SIM2 gene, which is located on chromosome 21, is a candidate for the gene responsible for Down syndrome.
Catalog Number:
(10303-634)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family members function as molecular scaffolds for the assembly of multiprotein complexes localizing to the plasma membrane. Several mammalian proteins related to the Drosophila tumor suppressor discs-large (dlg) gene product belong to the MAGUK family. MAGUK family members include the postsynaptic proteins PSD-93, DLG5, Pals1, PSD-95 (SAP 90), densin-180, NE-dlg (SAP 120), dlg-1 (SAP 97), GKAP (GK-associated protein), p55, the tight junction associated proteins ZO-1-3 and the caspase-associated recruitment domain (CARD) proteins CARD6, CARD8-12 and CARD14. DLG5, a cell-cell junction peripheral membrane protein, plays an important role in maintaining the structure of epithelial cell plasma membranes. It also plays an important part in transmitting extracellular signals to the cytoskeleton and the membrane. DLG5 which can interact with MPP1 and CTNNB1, is primarily expressed in prostate and placenta.
Catalog Number:
(10287-840)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1) localizes to chromosome 17q. Mutations within this gene account for approximately 45% of families with high incidence of breast cancer and at least 80% of families with increased incidence of both early-onset breast cancer and ovarian cancer. A second breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA2, located on chromosome 13q12-13, also confers a high incidence of breast cancer, but unlike BRCA1, BRCA2 does not confer a substantially elevated risk of ovarian cancer. The BRCA2-Associated Factor 35 (BRAF35) protein forms a complex with BRCA2, which associates with condensed chromatin during histone H3 phosphorylation. BRAF35 expression levels are highest in proliferating tissues and parallel BRCA2 expression patterns. The structure of BRAF35 includes a kinesin-like coiled coil domain and a nonspecific DNA binding HMG domain. The chromatin localization of BRAF35 and antibody microinjection studies indicate a role for the BRAF35/BRCA2 complex in cell cycle regulation.
Catalog Number:
(10292-112)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This protein has no ligand binding domain of its own and therefore cannot bind growth factors. However, it does bind tightly to other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members to form a heterodimer, stabilizing ligand binding and enhancing kinase-mediated activation of downstream signalling pathways, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. Allelic variations at amino acid positions 654 and 655 of isoform a (positions 624 and 625 of isoform b) have been reported, with the most common allele, Ile654/Ile655, shown here. Amplification and/or overexpression of this gene has been reported in numerous cancers, including breast and ovarian tumors. Alternative splicing results in several additional transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms and others that have not been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
Catalog Number:
(10267-298)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The leucine-rich (LRR) repeat is a 20-30 amino acid motif that forms a hydrophobic Alpha/Beta horseshoe fold, allowing it to accommodate several leucine residues within a tightly packed core. All LRR repeats contain a variable segment and a highly conserved segment, the latter of which accounts for 11 or 12 residues of the entire LRR motif. The LRRTM protein family plays a role in the regulation of various cellular events during nervous system development. Localizing predominantly to the nervous system, LRRTM family members are known to exhibit synaptogenic activity. LRRTM2 (leucine rich repeat transmembrane neuronal 2), also known as LRRN2, is a 516 amino acid single-pass type I membrane protein involved in the development maintenance of the vertebrate nervous system. Expressed in kidney and neuronal tissues, LRRTM2 contains ten LRR repeats and belongs to the LRRTM family. LRRTM2 is encoded by a gene that maps to human chromosome 5q31.2.
Catalog Number:
(10364-280)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Pokemon, the POK erythroid myeloid ontogenic factor, not only regulates the expression of many genes, but also plays an important role in cell tumorigenesis. To investigate the molecular mechanism regulating expression of the Pokemon gene in humans, its 5'-upstream region was cloned and analyzed. Transient analysis revealed that the Pokemon promoter is constitutive. Deletion analysis and a DNA decoy assay indicated that the NEG-U and NEG-D elements were involved in negative regulation of the Pokemon promoter, whereas the POS-D element was mainly responsible for its strong activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggested that the NEG-U, NEG-D and POS-D elements were specifically bound by the nuclear extract from A549 cells in vitro. Mutation analysis demonstrated that cooperation of the NEG-U and NEG-D elements led to negative regulation of the Pokemon promoter. Moreover, the NEG-U and NEG-D elements needed to be an appropriate distance apart in the Pokemon promoter in order to cooperate. Taken together, our results elucidate the mechanism underlying the regulation of Pokemon gene transcription, and also define a novel regulatory sequence that may be used to decrease expression of the Pokemon gene in cancer gene therapy.
Catalog Number:
(10253-466)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Islet-2 (insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-2) is a 359 amino acid protein encoded by the human gene ISL2. Islet-2 is a nuclear protein that contains two N-terminal LIM domains, followed by a homeodomain and a serine/ glutamine/threonine-rich C-terminus. Islet-2 is a transcriptional factor that defines subclasses of motor neurons that segregate into columns in the spinal cord and select distinct axon pathways. Islet-1 and Islet-2 are initially ex-pressed by all postmitotic spinal motor neurons prior to diversification of somatic and visceral neuronal fates. Somatic, but not visceral, motor neurons maintain Islet-2 expression at later embryonic stages. An early phase of Islet-2 expression by prospective visceral motor neurons of the sympathetic preganglionic motor column is critical for the emergence of complete visceral motor neuron character. Mutations that reduce or eliminate both Islet-1 and Islet-2 activity will result in pronounced defects in visceral motor neuron generation and eroded somatic motor neuron character.
Catalog Number:
(10300-566)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The transcription factor NFkB is retained in the cytoplasm in an inactive form by the inhibitory protein IkB. Activation of NFkB requires that IkB be phosphorylated on specific serine residues, which results in the targeted degradation of IkB (1). IkB kinase alpha (IKK alpha), previously designated CHUK (2), interacts with IkB-alpha and specifically phosphorylates IkB-alpha on the sites that trigger its degradation, serines 32 and 36 (3). IKKalpha appears to be critical for NFkB activation in response to proinflammatory cytokines (4). Phosphorylation of the IkB by IKK alpha is stimulated by the NFkB inducing kinase (NIK), which itself is a central regulator for NFkB activation in response to TNF and IL-1 (5). The functional IKK complex contains three subunits, IKK alpha, IKK beta and IKK gamma (also designated NEMO), and each appears to make essential contributions to IkB phosphorylation (6). IKAP (IKK-complex-associated protein) is a protein that acts as a scaffold, interacting with NIK, IKK alpha and IKK beta and assembling them into an active kinase complex (7,8)
Catalog Number:
(10267-704)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The nm23 gene (Metastasis inhibition factor nm23), a potential suppressor of metastasis, is expressed at a much lower level in highly metastatic cells than in cells with lower metastatic potential. Based on sequence analysis, nm23, also designated nucleoside diphosphate kinase A (NDK A) or Tumor metastatic process-associated protein, appears to be highly related to nucleotide diphosphate kinases (NDP). NDP kinases A and B are identical to two isotypes of human nm23 homologs, nm23-H1 and nm23-H2, respectively. nm23-H2 is also identical in sequence to PuF, a transcription factor that binds to nuclease-hypersensitive elements at positions 142 to 115 of the human c-Myc promoter. nm23-H3 and nm23-H4 are important for the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates and may play a role in apoptosis induction and hematopoiesis. nm23-H4 localizes to the mitochondrial intermembrane space and is widely expressed, with higher levels detected in prostate, heart, liver, small intestine, and skeletal muscle tissues. Low amounts of nm23-H4 are observed in the brain and in blood leukocytes.
Catalog Number:
(10283-156)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The tripartite motif (TRIM) family of proteins are characterized by a conserved TRIM domain that includes a coiled-coil region, a B-box type zinc finger, one RING finger and three zinc-binding domains. Staf-50 (50 kDa-stimulated trans-acting factor), also known as TRIM22 (tripartite motif-containing 22), RNF94 or GPSTAF50, is a 498 amino acid cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the TRIM family and, characteristic of TRIM family members, contains one RING-type zinc finger, one B box-type zinc finger and one SPRY domain. Induced by IFN-å and IFN-∫, Staf-50 is strongly expressed in ovary, spleen, thymus and peripheral blood leukocytes where it is thought to mediate the antiviral effects of IFN proteins. Additionally, Staf-50 is present in leukemic cells, suggesting a role in cancer formation and metastasis. Staf-50 exists as two alternatively spliced isoforms which are encoded by a gene that maps to human chromosome 11.
Catalog Number:
(10333-168)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Vasopressin, also known as arginine vasopressin (AVP) or antidiuretic hormone (ADH), is a posterior pituitary hormone that is synthesised in the hypothalamus. Vasopressin is synthesised as a precursor protein that consists of arginine vasopressin and two associated proteins, neurophysin 2 and the glycopeptide copeptin. Vasopressin, together with its carrier protein neurophysin II, is packaged into neurosecretory vesicles and transported axonally to the nerve endings in the neurohypophysis, where it is either stored or secreted into the bloodstream. Vasopressin acts as a growth factor by enhancing pH regulation through acid-base transport systems. It has a direct antidiuretic action on the kidney and also causes vasoconstriction of the peripheral vessels. Vasopressin can also contract smooth muscle during parturition and lactation. It also plays a role in cognition, tolerance, adaptation and complex sexual and maternal behaviour, as well as in the regulation of water excretion and cardiovascular functions. Mutations in the vasopressin precursor cause autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (ADNDI), which is characterised by persistant thirst, polydipsia and polyuria.
Catalog Number:
(10276-526)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Zinc-finger proteins contain DNA-binding domains and have a wide variety of functions, most of which encompass some form of transcriptional activation or repression. The majority of zinc-finger proteins contain a Kruppel-type DNA binding domain and a KRAB domain, which is thought to interact with KAP1, thereby recruiting histone modifying proteins. As a member of the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family, ZNF131 (Zinc finger protein 131) is a 623 amino acid nuclear protein that contains one BTB (POZ) domain and six C2H2-type zinc fingers. With predominant expression found in brain, it is likely that ZNF131 plays a role as a transcription regulator during development and organogenesis of the adult central nervous system. ZNF131 also represses ER Alpha (Estrogen receptor alpha)-mediated transactivation by interrupting ER?binding to the estrogen-response element. There are two isoforms of ZNF131 that are produced as a result of alternative splicing events.
Catalog Number:
(10672-010)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The tripartite motif (TRIM) family of proteins are characterized by a conserved TRIM domain that includes a coiled-coil region, a B-box type zinc finger, one RING finger and three zinc-binding domains. TRIM17 (tripartite motif-containing 17), also known as RBCC, terf or RNF16, is a 477 amino acid protein that contains one RING-type zinc finger, one SPRY domain and one B box-type zinc finger. Expressed nearly exclusively in testis, TRIM17 belongs to the TRIM family and, based on its functional domains, may play a role in transcriptional regulation events. The gene encoding TRIM17 maps to human chromosome 1, which spans 260 million base pairs, contains over 3,000 genes and comprises nearly 8% of the human genome. Chromosome 1 houses a large number of disease-associated genes, including those that are involved in familial adenomatous polyposis, Stickler syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, Gaucher disease, schizophrenia and Usher syndrome. Aberrations in chromosome 1 are found in a variety of cancers, including head and neck cancer, malignant melanoma and multiple myeloma
Catalog Number:
(10670-950)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
The Hox proteins play a role in patterns of embryonic development and cellular differentiation by regulating downstream target genes. In vivo, the HoxD9 protein interacts with the autoregulatory and cross-regulatory enhancers of the murine HoxB1 and human HoxD9 genes. Specifically, the HoxD9 protein interacts with the human control region (HCR) of the HoxD9 gene, thus inducing transcription of the HoxD9 promoter. HoxD9 may be a multifunctional transcriptional regulator, as it contains different activation domains. Activation of HoxD9 depends on the structure of the target regulatory element, and results in differential cofactor interaction. The HoxD9 protein is expressed in the early stages of mouse joint development, primarily in the articular cartilage. HoxD9 transcripts are also detected in the synovial tissue of arthritic mice, but not in that of normal mice, suggesting that HoxD9 may have a role in the pathology of arthritis. Furthermore, the HoxD9 protein is highly expressed in the synoviocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but not in osteoarthritis patients. The human HoxD9 protein is also differentially expressed in the human cervical cancer cell line HeLa, but is not expressed in the normal cervix and may thus play a role in tumorigenesis.
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