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Van Der Voort Lucht en Milieu Amste
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Van Der Voort Lucht en Milieu Amste
Catalog Number:
(102971-566)
Supplier:
Adipogen
Description:
Caspase-1 is the best-described inflammatory caspase. It processes the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-18 and induces pyroptotic cell death. Caspase-1 is activated by multiprotein complexes called Inflammasomes in response to numerous stimuli that are detected through distinct inflammasomes. NLRC4 responds to cytosolic flagellin, murine NLRP1b responds to anthrax lethal toxin, AIM2 responds to cytosolic DNA and NLRP3 responds to a variety of agonists including crystals.
Catalog Number:
(102971-580)
Supplier:
Adipogen
Description:
Notch signaling pathway regulates many different cell fate decisions in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. There are 5 canonical Notch ligands in mammals: Jagged-1, Jagged-2, DLL1, DLL3 and DLL4. These can bind to the four Notch receptors Notch 1-4. It is important for pattern formation during development such as neurogenesis, angiogenesis or myogenesis and regulates T cell development and stem cell maintenance. Notch signaling is also involved in cellular processes through-out adulthood. Signaling via Notch occurs between neighbouring cells and both the receptor and its ligands are transmembrane proteins.
Catalog Number:
(102979-294)
Supplier:
Adipogen
Description:
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the major aldehyde derive from lipid peroxidation. MDA is highly reactive aldehyde and reacts with lysine residue in protein. The reaction with MDA and lysine residue leads to the formation of numerous numbers of adducts, such as dihydropyridine-lysine (DHP-lysine) type derivative.
Supplier:
Adipogen
Description:
Processes such as transcription, repair and replication that require efficient DNA recognition are dependent on modulation of chromatin structure. Chromatin relaxation is a critical event that occurs during DNA repair and is associated with the negatively charged polymer of adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-ribose (PAR). PAR is synthesized from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase protein family (PARPs), of which PARP-1 (and to a lesser extent PARP-2) respond to DNA-strand breaks. PARP-1 is selectively activated by DNA strand breaks to catalyze the addition of long branched chains of PAR to a variety of nuclear proteins, most notably PARP itself. The amount of PAR formed in living cells with DNA damage is commensurate with the extent of the damage. Under DNA damage conditions, PAR undergoes a rapid turnover, with a half-life in the range of minutes, as PAR is rapidly hydrolyzed and converted to free ADP-ribose by the enzyme poly(ADP-ribose)glycohydrolase (PARG). PAR regulates not only cell survival and cell-death programmes, but also an increasing number of other biological functions with which novel members of the PARP family have been associated. These include transcriptional regulation, cell division, intracellular trafficking, inflammation and energy metabolism.
Catalog Number:
(102981-418)
Supplier:
Adipogen
Description:
Unmethylated CG dinucleotides within particular sequence contexts are responsible for the immunostimulatory activity of bacterial DNA. Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODN) that contain such CpG motifs (CpG ODNs) mimic microbial DNA. The innate immune system of vertebrates has the ability to recognize CpG motifs in microbial DNA via the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 if the CpG ODN were free of additional immune stimulatory contaminants often present in synthetic commercial CpG ODN preparations designed for molecular biology applications (i.e. PCR). Given that high quality CpG ODNs were used, a close link has been established between the expression of TLR9 on certain immune cell subsets and the modulation of the immune system by CpG DNA. Different types of CpG ODNs were identified based on their differing biological effects on different cell types: ODN Type A is a potent inducer of IFN-alpha in human PDC, (i.e. ODN 1585 or 2216) leading to antigen presenting cell (APC) maturation, whereas ODN Type B (i.e. ODN 2006 or ODN 1668 / ODN 1826) is a weak inducer of IFN-alpha but rather stimulates IL-8 production and increasing costimulatory and Ag-presenting molecules and triggers proliferation of B-cells and IgM and IL-6 production. A third type of CpG ODN has been identified, termed ODN Type C, with both high induction of INF-alpha in PDC and activation of B-cells. The sequence of CpG Type C (also called K) (i.e. ODN 2395 or M362) combines elements of both Type A and Type B and contains a central palindromic sequence with CG dinucleotides, a characteristic feature of Type A, and a TCGTCG motif at the 5' end, present in Type B CpG ODNs. Although the CpG motifs are thought to differ between mice and humans, in both species the recognition of CpG ODNs is mediated by TLR9. The optimal CpG motif in humans is GTCGTT and GACGTT for the murine sequence. However, recent evidence suggests that this sequence specificity is restricted to phosphorothioate (PS)-modified ODN and is not observed when a natural phosphodiester backbone is used. In recent years sequence requirements, specificity, signalling pathways and kinetics of the TLR9 suppression by inhibitory ODNs (iODNs) have been investigated.
Catalog Number:
(102981-662)
Supplier:
Adipogen
Description:
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a heterodimeric group 2 receptor ligand molecule that belongs to the IL-6/IL-12 family of long type I cytokines. It is composed of EBI3 (EBV-induced gene 3), a 34 kDa glycoprotein that is related to the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, and p28, the cloned 28 kDa glycoprotein that is related to the p35 chain of IL-12. IL-27 is expressed by monocytes, endothelial cells and dendritic cells. IL-27 binds to and signals through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of WSX1 (TCCR) and gp130. Evidence suggests IL-27 interacts only with WSX-1. IL-27 has both anti- and proinflammatory properties. As an antiinflammatory, IL-27 seems to induce a general negative feedback program that limits T and NK-T cell activity. At the onset of infection, IL-27 induces an IL-12 receptor on naïe CD4+ T cells, making them susceptible to subsequent IL-12 activity (and possible Th1 development). Notably, IL-12 family cytokines are both induced and inhibited by bacterial products. Microbes promote IL-27 secretion through TLR4, and also block IL-27 production via C5a induction.
Catalog Number:
(102980-006)
Supplier:
Adipogen
Description:
Interleukin-33 (IL-33; HF-NEV; IL-1F11), a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, is expressed by many cell types following pro-inflammatory stimulation and is thought to be released upon cell lysis. IL-33 binds to and signals through ST2 (IL-1R1) and its stimulation recruits MYD88, IRAK, IRAK4 and TRAF6, followed by phosphorylation of ERK1 (MAPK3)/ERK2 (MAPK1), p38 (MAPK14) and JNK. The ability of IL-33 to target numerous immune cell types, like Th2-like cells, mast cells and B1 cells, and to induce cytokine and chemokine production underlines its potential in influencing the outcome of a wide range of diseases, such as arthritis, asthma, atopic allergy & anaphylaxis, cardiovascular disease/atherosclerosis, nervous system diseases and sepsis. Anti-IL-33, mAb (recombinant) (blocking) (Bondy-1-1) is an antibody developed by antibody phage display technology using a human naive antibody gene library. These libraries consist of scFv (single chain fragment variable) composed of VH (variable domain of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain) and VL (variable domain of the human immunoglobulin light chain) connected by a polypeptide linker. The antibody fragments are displayed on the surface of filamentous bacteriophage (M13). This scFv was selected by affinity selection on antigen in a process termed panning. Multiple rounds of panning are performed to enrich for antigen-specific scFv-phage. Monoclonal antibodies are subsequently identified by screening after each round of selection. The selected monoclonal scFv is cloned into an appropriate vector containing a Fc portion of interest and then produced in mammalian cells to generate an IgG like scFv-Fc fusion protein.
Catalog Number:
(102981-786)
Supplier:
Adipogen
Description:
The p75 low affinity human Nerve Growth Factor receptor CD271(NGRF, TNFRSF16) is expressed on a variety of tissue types including a subset of splenic and nodal lymphocytes. Presence of this receptor supports uptake of intracellular calcium, but not mobilization. CD271 is a stem cell marker for hematopoietic, stromal as well as cancer cells. CD271 has been reported to inhibit differentiation of mesenchymal cells into various lineages.
Catalog Number:
(102512-342)
Supplier:
Adipogen
Description:
Human CD44 molecules appear to serve as lymphocyte adhesion molecules with numerous functions in extracellular matrix binding, cell migration, hemopoisis and lymphocyte homing.
Catalog Number:
(102981-776)
Supplier:
Adipogen
Description:
BAFF is a master regulator of peripheral B cell survival, and together with IL-6, promotes Ig class-switching and plasma cell differentiation. BAFF co-stimulates activated T cells. Increased levels of soluble BAFF have been detected in the serum of patients with various autoimmune diseases, such as Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Furthermore, BAFF is found in inflammatory sites in which there is lymphoid neogenesis. BAFF levels are elevated in patients with multiple myeloma and B cell chronic lymphoid leukemia (B-CCL).
Catalog Number:
(102513-294)
Supplier:
Adipogen
Description:
BCMA is a receptor for BAFF and APRIL. It promotes B cell survival and plays a role in the regulation of humoral immunity. Its downstream signaling is dependent on NF-kappaB and JNK.
Catalog Number:
(102979-320)
Supplier:
Adipogen
Description:
Human CD155 (Polio Virus Receptor, PVR, Necl-5) is a 70 kd type I Ig superfamily molecule. It is involved in formation of intracellular junctions between epithelial cells. Its ligands include CD226 (DNAM-1), and CD96 (TACTILE). CD155 expression by tumor has been shown to be upregulated by nitric oxide. A soluble version of CD155 has been shown to exist. High CD155 expression has recently been exploited to use engineered poliovirus to treat glioblastoma.
Catalog Number:
(102978-636)
Supplier:
Adipogen
Description:
Caspase-11 not only activates caspase-1, that is required for the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), but also activates caspase-3, leading to cellular apoptosis under pathological conditions. In most cells, caspase-11 is only expressed upon induction with pro-inflammatory stimuli. Caspase-11 is an essential mediator of endotoxic shock and caspase-11-deficient mice are resistant to endotoxic shock. LPS-induced caspase-11 regulates lymphocyte apoptosis by activating both caspase-3 and caspase-7.
Catalog Number:
(102981-486)
Supplier:
Adipogen
Description:
Human CD137 (4-1BB) is a costimulatory molecule of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. The glycoprotein 4-1BB is expressed mainly on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and binds to a high-affinity ligand (4-1BBL) expressed on several antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages and activated B cells. Upon ligand binding, 4-1BB is associated with the tumor receptor-associated factors (TRAF), the adaptor protein and mediates downstream signaling events including the activation of NF-kappaB and cytokine production. 4-1BB signaling either by binding to 4-1BBL or by antibody ligation delivers signals for T cell activation and growth as well as monocyte proliferation and B cell survival, and plays a important role in the amplification of T cell-mediated immune responses. In contrast, it can also enhance activation-induced T cell apoptosis when triggered by engagement of the TCR/CD3 complex. In addition, the 4-1BB/4-1BBL costimulatory pathway has been shown to augment secondary CTL responses to several viruses and increase antitumor immunity. 4-1BB is therefore a promising candidate for immunotherapy of human cancer.
Catalog Number:
(102971-584)
Supplier:
Adipogen
Description:
The Notch ligand delta-like protein 4 (DLL4) is expressed highly and selectively within the arterial endothelium and has been shown to function as a ligand for Notch1 and Notch4. It is induced by VEGF as a negative feedback regulator and acts to prevent overexuberant angiogenic sprouting, promoting the timely formation of a well differentiated vascular network. DLL4-Notch1 signaling regulates the formation of appropriate numbers of tip cells to control vessel sprouting and branching in the mouse retina.
Catalog Number:
(102511-806)
Supplier:
Adipogen
Description:
Human immunoglobulins are glycoproteins composed of two disulfide-bonded heavy (H) chain subunits, each of which is linked by interchain disulfide bonds to a light (L) chain forming a tetramolecular complex. There are five classes of immunoglobulins, designated IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE, which are defined by differences in the constant region of H chains. L chains are divided into kappa or lambda classifications based on structural antigenic differences. All classes of immunoglobulins have been found on the cell surface of B lymphocytes where they function as antigen receptors to elicit antigen-dependent proliferation and secretion of antigen specific soluble circulating antibodies.
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is still displayed and you need assistance, please call us at 1-800-932-5000.
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