2-Fluoro-4-methyl-5-nitrobenzoic acid
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
IL-2 is a powerful immunoregulatory lymphokine produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. IL-2/IL-2R signaling is required for T-cell proliferation and other fundamental functions that are essential for the immune response. IL-2 stimulates growth and differentiation of B-cells, NK cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, monocytes, macrophages and oligodendrocytes. Recombinant Rat IL-2 is a 15.3 kDa protein containing 134 amino acid residues.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
IL-7 is a hematopoietic growth factor that primarily affects early B and T cells. Produced by thymic stromal cells, spleen cells and keratinocytes, IL-7 can also co-stimulate the proliferation of mature T cells in combination with other factors, such as ConA and IL-2. Human and murine IL-7 is cross-species reactive. Recombinant Rat IL-7 is a 15.0 kDa protein containing 130 amino acid residues.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in host defense by regulating immune and inflammatory responses. Produced by T cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and keratinocytes, IL-6 has diverse biological functions. It stimulates B cell differentiation and antibody production, synergizes with IL-3 in megakaryocyte development and platelet production, induces expression of hepatic acute-phase proteins, and regulates bone metabolism. IL-6 signals through the IL-6 receptor system that consists of two chains, IL-6Rα and gp130. Murine IL-6 is inactive on human cells, while both human and murine are equally active on murine cells. Recombinant Rat IL-6 is a 21.7 kDa protein containing 188 amino acid residues.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
Proteases (also called Proteolytic Enzymes, Peptidases, or Proteinases) are enzymes that hydrolyze the amide bonds within proteins or peptides. Most proteases act in a specific manner, hydrolyzing bonds at, or adjacent to specific residues, or a specific sequence of residues contained within the substrate protein or peptide. Proteases play an important role in most diseases and biological processes, including prenatal and postnatal development, reproduction, signal transduction, the immune response, various autoimmune and degenerative diseases, and cancer. They are also an important research tool, frequently used in the analysis and production of proteins. Arg-C specifically cleaves at the carboxyl side of Arginine residues. Arg-C has a sulfhydryl requirement; it is activated by dithiothreitol, cysteine, or other sulfhydryl-containing reagents. The presence of calcium ions is essential. The enzyme is inhibited by oxidizing agents and sulfhydryl reactants, and by Co2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, and heavy metal ions. Recombinant Lysobacter Enzymogenes Arg-C is a 26.8 kDa protease consisting of 252 amino acid residues including a C-terminal His-Tag.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
GMF-β is a brain-specific protein that belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF structural family. GMF-β appears to play a role in the differentiation, maintenance, and regeneration of the nervous system. It also supports the progression of certain auto-immune diseases, possibly through its ability to induce the production and secretion of various pro-inflammatory cytokines. Recombinant Human GMF-β is a 16.5 kDa globular protein containing 141 amino acid residues, including one intramolecular disulfide bond.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
β-NGF is a neurotrophic factor structurally related to BDNF, NT-3 and NT-4. These proteins belong to the cysteine-knot family of growth factors that assume stable dimeric structures. β-NGF is a potent neurotrophic factor that signals through its receptor β-NGFR, and plays a crucial role in the development and preservation of the sensory and sympathetic nervous systems. β-NGF also acts as a growth and differentiation factor for B lymphocytes, and enhances B-cell survival. The functional form of Recombinant Human β-NGF is a non-covalently-linked homodimer of two 13.5 kDa, polypeptide monomers that each contain 120 amino acids and three disulfide bonds, which are required for biological activity.Manufactured using all Animal-Free reagents.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
BDNF is a member of the NGF family of neurotrophic growth factors. Like other members of this family, BDNF supports neuron proliferation and survival. BDNF can bind to a low affinity cell surface receptor called LNGFR, which also binds other neurotrophins such as NGF, NT-3 and NT-4. However, BDNF mediates its neurotrophic properties by signaling through a high affinity cell surface receptor called gp145/trkB. BDNF is expressed as the C-terminal portion of a 247 amino acid polypeptide precursor, which also contains a signal sequence of 18 amino acid residues and a propeptide of 110 amino acid residues. Recombinant Human BDNF is a 27.0 kDa homodimer of two 120 amino acid subunits linked by strong non-covalent interactions. Human and Mouse BDNF sequences are identical. Manufactured using all Animal-Free reagents.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
RANKL and RANK are members of the TNF superfamily of ligands and receptors that play an important role in the regulation of specific immunity and bone turnover. RANK (receptor) was originally identified as a dendritic cell-membrane protein, which, by interacting with RANKL, augments the ability of dendritic cells. These dendritic cells then stimulate naïve T-cell proliferation in a mixed lymphocyte reaction, promote the survival of RANK + T-cells, and regulate T-cell-dependent immune response. RANKL, which is expressed in a variety of cells, including osteoblasts, fibroblasts, activated T-cells and bone marrow stromal cells, is also capable of interacting with a decoy receptor called OPG. Binding of soluble OPG to sRANKL inhibits osteoclastogenesis by interrupting the signaling between stromal cells and osteoclastic progenitor cells, thereby leading to excess accumulation of bone and cartilage. Human RANKL is reactive on murine cells. Recombinant Human sRANKL is a 20.0 kDa polypeptide comprising the TNF-homologous region of RANKL (176 amino acid residues). Manufactured using all Animal-Free reagents.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
Defensins (α and β) are cationic peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. The α-defensins are distinguished from the β-defensins by the pairing of their three disulfide bonds. To date, six human β-defensins have been identified; BD-1, BD-2, BD-3, BD-4, BD-5 and BD-6. β-defensins are expressed on some leukocytes and at epithelial surfaces. In addition to their direct antimicrobial activities, they can act as chemoattractants towards immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. The β-defensin proteins are expressed as the C-terminal portion of precursors, and are released by proteolytic cleavage of a signal sequence and, in some cases, a propeptide sequence. β-defensins contain a six-cysteine motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds. Recombinant Human BD-5 is a 5.8 kDa protein containing 51 amino acid residues.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
IL-7 is a hematopoietic growth factor that primarily affects early B and T cells. Produced by thymic stromal cells, spleen cells and keratinocytes, IL-7 can also co-stimulate the proliferation of mature T cells in combination with other factors, such as ConA and IL-2. Human and murine IL-7 are cross-species reactive. Recombinant Human IL-7 is a 17.4 kDa protein containing 153 amino acid residues.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
TPO is a lineage-specific growth factor produced in the liver, kidney and skeletal muscle. It stimulates the proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes, and promotes increased circulating levels of platelets in vivo. TPO signals through the c-mpl receptor, and acts as an important regulator of circulating platelets. Human and murine TPO exhibit cross-species reactivity. Recombinant Rat TPO is a fully biologically active 174 amino acid polypeptide (18.7 kDa), which contains the erythropoietin-like domain of the full length TPO protein.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
SDF-1α and β are stromal-derived, CXC chemokines that signal through the CXCR4 receptor. SDF-1α and β chemoattract B and T cells, and have been shown to induce migration of CD34+ stem cells. Additionally, the SDF-1 proteins exert HIV-suppressive activity in cells expressing the CXCR4 receptor. Human and murine SDF-1 proteins act across species. SDF-1α and β contain the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CXC chemokines. The mature SDF-1β protein, produced by an N-terminal truncation of two additional amino acids, after removal of the signal sequence, contains 72 amino acid residues. Recombinant Rat SDF-1β (CXCL12) is an 8.4 kDa protein containing 72 amino acid residues.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
TRAIL is a cytotoxic protein, which activates rapid apoptosis in tumor cells, but not in normal cells. TRAIL-induced apoptosis is achieved through binding to two death-signaling receptors, DR4 and DR5. These receptors belong to the TNFR superfamily of transmembrane proteins, and contain a cytoplasmic “death domain”, which activates the cell’s apoptotic machinery. Recombinant Murine TRAIL is a 174 amino acid polypeptide (20.0 kDa), consisting of the TNF-homologous portion of the extracellular domain of the full length TRAIL protein.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
Wnt-3a belongs to the Wnt family of signaling proteins that play a key role in maintaining the integrity of embryonic and adult tissues. Expression of Wnt-3a occurs primarily along the dorsal midline across overlapping regions of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Wnt-3a signaling is essential for various morphogenetic events, including embryonic patterning, cell determination, cell proliferation, CNS development, and cytoskeletal formation. Like other members of this family, Wnt-3a contains a highly conserved lipid-modified, cysteine-rich domain that is essential for cell signaling. During a biochemical process called the canonical Wnt pathway, Wnt family members bind to and activate, seven-pass transmembrane receptors of the Frizzled family, ultimately leading to the disruption of β-catenin degradation. Intracellular accumulation of β-catenin increases translocation of the protein into the nucleus, where it binds to TCF/LEF transcription factors to promote gene expression. Lack of Wnt signaling disrupts transcriptional activation of tumor suppressor genes, and has been shown to result in neoplastic transformation, oncogenesis, and human degenerative diseases. Recombinant Murine Wnt-3a is a monomeric glycoprotein containing 334 amino acid residues. Due to glycosylation, the Murine Wnt-3a migrates at an apparent molecular weight of approximately 38.0-41.0 kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis under non-reducing conditions.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
ApoE belongs to a group of proteins that bind reversibly with lipoprotein and play an important role in lipid metabolism. In addition to facilitating solubilization of lipids, these proteins help to maintain the structural integrity of lipoproteins, serve as ligands for lipoprotein receptors, and regulate the activity of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. Significant quantities of ApoE are produced in the liver and brain, and to some extent in almost every organ. ApoE is an important constituent of all plasma lipoproteins. Its interaction with specific ApoE receptor enables uptake of chylomicron remnants by liver cells, which is an essential step during normal lipid metabolism. It also binds with the LDL receptor (apo B/E). Defects in ApoE are a cause of hyperlipoproteinemia type III. ApoE exists in three major isoforms; E2, E3, and E4, which differ from one another by a single amino-acid substitution. Compared with E3 and E4, E2 exhibits the lowest receptor binding affinity. E2 allele carriers had significantly lower levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as increased ApoE levels. Recombinant Human ApoE2 is a 34.3 kDa protein containing 300 amino acid residues.
Supplier:
PeproTech, Inc.
Description:
Midkine (MK) and the functionally-related protein pleiotrophin are heparin-binding neurotrophic factors that signal through the same receptor, known as anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). MK plays an important regulatory role in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during fetal development and in postnatal lung development. MK chemoattracts embryonic neurons, neutrophils and macrophages, and exerts angiogenic, growth and survival activities during tumorigenesis. Recombinant Human Midkine is a 13.4 kDa protein containing 123 amino acid residues including five intra-molecular disulfide bonds.
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